Syam
Syam atau dikenal juo jo Suriah adolah wilayah basijarah nan talatak di sabalah timur Lauik Mediterania di Asia Barat, nan umumnyo identik jo Levant.[3] Sinonim lainnyo iolah Suriah Raya atau Suriah-Palestina.[2] Bateh wilayah alah baubah-ubah sapanjang sijarah. Namun, di zaman moderen, istilah “Suriah” sandiri digunoan untuak manyabuik nagara Republik Arab Suriah.
| Syam ٱلشَّام Ash-Shām[1] Suriah Raya[1] Suriah-Palestina[2] Levant | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Peta Suriah Utsmaniyah pado tahun 1851, oleh Henry Warren | |
| Nagara | |
Istilah Suriah awalnyo baasa dari Asiria, sabuah paradaban kuno nan bapusek di Mesopotamia utara, Irak moderen.[4][5] Salamo periode Helenistik, istilah Suriah diterapan ka kasadoan Levant sabagai Coele-Suriah. Di bawah pamarentahan Romawi, istilah ko digunoan untuak marujuak pado provinsi Suriah, nan kamudian dibagi manjadi Suriah Phoenicia dan Suriah Coele, jo provinsi Syria Palaestina. Di bawah Romawi Timur, provinsi Suriah Prima jo Suriah Secunda muncua dari Suriah Coele. Sasudah panakluakan Muslim di Levant, istilah ko digantian dek padanan bahaso Arab Syam, jo di bawah kakhalifahan Rashidun, Umayyah, Abbasiyah, sarato Fatimiyah, Bilad asy-Syam adolah namo provinsi metropolitan nan maliputi sabagian wilayah ko. Pado abaik ka-19, namo Suriah dihiduikan baliak dalam bantuak Arab modered untuak manunjuakan kasadoan Bilad asy-Syam, baiak sabagai Suriyah atau bantuak moderen Suriyya, nan akhianyo manggantian namo Arab Bilad as-Sham.[6]
Sasudah Parang Dunia I, bateh-bateh wilayah tu tarakhia kali ditantuan di zaman moderen malalui proklamasi jo definisi salanjuiknyo malalui pajanjian mandat Parancih jo Inggirih. Wilayah tu disarahan kapado Mandat Parancih jo Inggirih sasudah Parang Dunia I jo dibagi manjadi Lebanon Raya, babagai nagara di bawah Mandatori Parancih, Mandatori Palestina nan dikuasoi Inggirih, jo Kaamiran Transyordania. Istilah Suriah sandiri diterapkan pado babarapo nagara mandat di bawah pamarentahan Parancih jo Karajaan Arab Suriah nan baumua pendek. Nagara-nagara nan mandapek mandat Suriah sacaro batahap disatuan manjadi nagara Suriah jo akhianyo manjadi Suriah merdeka pado tahun 1946. Sapanjang periode ko, kaum nasionalis pan-Suriah maanjurkan mambantuak Suriah Raya.
Rujuakan
suntiang- ↑ a b Mustafa Abu Sway. "The Holy Land, Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque in the Qur'an, Sunnah and other Islamic Literary Source" (PDF). Central Conference of American Rabbis. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 28 July 2011.
- ↑ a b Pfoh, Emanuel (22 February 2016). Syria-Palestine in The Late Bronze Age: An Anthropology of Politics and Power. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-3173-9230-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=g2KaCwAAQBAJ.
- ↑ Killebrew, A. E.; Steiner, M. L. (2014). The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant: C. 8000–332 BCE. OUP Oxford. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-19-921297-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=5H4fAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT25. "The western coastline and the eastern deserts set the boundaries for the Levant ... The Euphrates and the area around Jebel el-Bishrī mark the eastern boundary of the northern Levant, as does the Syrian Desert beyond the Anti-Lebanon range's eastern hinterland and Mount Hermon. This boundary continues south in the form of the highlands and eastern desert regions of Transjordan."
- ↑ Rollinger, Robert (2006). "The terms "Assyria" and "Syria" again". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 65 (4): 284–287. doi:10.1086/511103.
- ↑ Frye, R. N. (1992). "Assyria and Syria: Synonyms". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 51 (4): 281–285. doi:10.1086/373570.
- ↑ Salibi, Kamal S. (2003). A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered. I.B.Tauris. pp. 61–62. ISBN 978-1-86064-912-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=t_amYLJq4SQC.