Sunaik
Sunaik, khitan, atau sirkumsisi (bahaso Inggirih: circumcision; bahaso Arab: ختان, khitān) adolah tindakan mamotong atau mailangkan sabagian atau sadoalah kuluik batang kamaluan laki-laki. Frenulum (jaringan sabantuak pita elastik pangubuang kuluik jo batang kamaluan bagian bawah) dapek juo bapotong sacaro basamoan pado prosedur nan dinamoan frenektomi. Kato sirkumsisi barasa dari bahaso Latin circum (aratinyo "mamuta") dan caedere (aratinyo "mangarek").
| Sunaik | |
|---|---|
| Intervensi | |
 Sunaik di Asia Tangah, lk. 1865 – 1872 | |
| ICD-10-PCS | Z41.2 |
| ICD-9-CM | V50.2 |
| MeSH | D002944 |
| Kode OPS-301 | 5–640.2 |
| MedlinePlus | 002998 |
| eMedicine | 1015820 |
Sunaik alah dilakukan sajak maso prasijarah, tampak pado gamba-gamba di ngalau dari Zaman Batu jo makam Mesir Sisuak.[1] Alasan tindakan iko dipabuek masih alun jaleh pado maso itu, tapi teori-teori mampakirokan basonyo tindakan iko marupoan bagian dari ritual pangorbanan atau pasambahan, tando paamboan pado Nan Mahakuaso, langkah manuju gadang, tando kakalahan atau pabudakan, atau upayo untuak maubah estetika atau seksualitas.[2] Sunaik pado laki-laki diwajibkan pado agamo Yahudi. Samantaro sunaik pado agamo Islam itu sunah, dek alah manjadi adaik sacaro turun-manurun dek manaladani pola hiduik sihaik nan diaja dek Rasulullah ﷺ[rujuakan?][3][4] Adaik iko ado juo di kalangan mayoritas panduduak Korea Salatan,[5] Amerika, jo Filipina[6]
Manuruik literatur AMA taun 1999, urang tuo di AS mamiliah untuak manyunaik anaknyo tarutamo dek alasan sosial atau budayo dibandiangkan dek alasan kasihatan.[7] Dek tu, survei taun 2001 manunjuakkan baso 23,5% urang tuo malakukannyio jo alasan kasihatan.[8]
Para pandukuang integritas genital manulak sadoalah tindakan sunaik pado bayi dek manuruiknyo itu bantuak mutilasi genital laki-laki nan dapek disamokan jo sunaik pado padusi nan dilarang di AS.[9]
Babarapo ahli bapandapaik baso sunaik baguno untuak kasihatan, dek tu iko hanyo balaku kok pasien tabukti sacaro klinis punyo panyakik nan bahubuangan jo kamaluan. Babarapo panyakik dapek labiah capek cegak dek disunaik, cando pandarahan pado batang kamaluan sarato dapek managah panyakik, cando kanker kamaluan laki-laki.[7][10] Panyakik fimosis dapek juo tatolong dek sunaik ko. Dek pagunonyo sunaik, teknik sunaik kini ko samakin bakambang.[11]
Hasia evaluasi ahli-ahli kiniko manunjuakkan baso manfaat kasihatan dari sunaik laki-laki nan baru lahia labiah gadang daripado risikonyo. Manpaaik khusus dari sunaik antaro lain untuak mailakkan infeksi saluran kemih, pamindahan HIV, pamindahan babarapo infeksi mamindah seksual, dan kanker batang kamaluan. Sunaik pado laki-laki indak mampangaruahi fungsi jo sensitivitas seksual.[12]
Rujuakan suntiang
- ↑ Wrana, P. (1939). "Historical review: Circumcision". Archives of Pediatrics. 56: 385–392. as quoted in: Zoske, Joseph (1998). "Male Circumcision: A Gender Perspective". Journal of Men’s Studies. 6 (2): 189–208.
- ↑ Gollaher, David L. (February 2000). Circumcision: a history of the world’s most controversial surgery. New York, NY: Basic Books. pp. 53–72. ISBN 978-0-465-04397-2. https://archive.org/details/circumcisionhist00goll_0.
- ↑ "Circumcision". American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Diakses tanggal 03-10-2006.
- ↑ Beidelman, T. (1987). Mircea Eliade, ed. "CIRCUMCISION". The Encyclopedia of religion. New York, NY: Macmillan Publishers. hlm. 511–514. ISBN 978-0-02-909480-8. Diakses tanggal 03-10-2006.
- ↑ Ku, J.H. (2003). "Circumcision practice patterns in South Korea: community based survey" (PDF). Sexually Transmitted Infections. 79 (1): 65–67. doi:10.1136/sti.79.1.65. PMID 12576619. Diakses tanggal 03-10-2006.
- ↑ Lee, R.B. (2005). "Circumcision practice in the Philippines: community based study" (PDF). Sexually Transmitted Infections. 81 (1): 91. doi:10.1136/sti.2004.009993. PMID 15681733.
- ↑ a b "Report 10 of the Council on Scientific Affairs (I-99):Neonatal Circumcision". 1999 AMA Interim Meeting: Summaries and Recommendations of Council on Scientific Affairs Reports. American Medical Association. 1999. hlm. 17. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-07-05.
- ↑ Adler, R (2001). "Circumcision: we have heard from the experts; now let's hear from the parents". Pediatrics. 107 (2): E20.
- ↑ Milos, Marilyn F (1992). "Circumcision: A Medical or a Human Rights Issue?". Journal of Nurse-Midwifery. 37 (2): 87S–96S.
- ↑ Schoen, Edgar J. (1997). "Benefits of newborn circumcision: is Europe ignoring medical evidence?" (PDF). Archives of Disease in Childhood. 77 (3): pp. 258–260. PMID 9370910. Diakses tanggal 13-06-2006.
- ↑ Dewan, P.A. (1996). "Phimosis: Is circumcision necessary?". Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 32 (4): 285–289. Diakses tanggal 14-06-2006.
- ↑ TASK FORCE ON CIRCUMCISION; Blank, Susan; Brady, Michael; Buerk, Ellen; Carlo, Waldemar; Diekema, Douglas; Freedman, Andrew; Maxwell, Lynne; Wegner, Steven (2012-09-01). "Male Circumcision". Pediatrics (dalam bahasa Inggris). 130 (3): e756–e785. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-1990. ISSN 0031-4005.
