Palestina

Palestina (bahaso Arab: فلسطين‎ Filasṭīn, Falasṭīn, Filisṭīn; Yunani, Palaistinē; bahaso Latin: Palaestina; bahaso Ibrani: פלשתינה Palestina) adolah sabuah wilayah geografis di Timua Tangah antaro Lauik Tangah jo Sungai Yordan. Namo "Palestina" digunoan dek panulih-panulih Yunani Kuno, jo kamudian digunoan untuak provinsi Romawi Syria Palaestina, provinsi Romawi Timur Palaestina Prima jo provinsi Umayyah jo Abbasiyah Jund Filastin. Wilayah iko dikenal juo sabagai Tanah Israel (bahasa Ibrani: ארץ־ישראל Eretz-Yisra'el), Tanah Suci, Levant Salatan, Cisjordan, jo sacaro historis dikenal jo namo-namo lainnyo misalnyo Kanaan, Suriah Salatan jo Kerajaan Yerusalem.

██ Bateh-bateh Syria Palaestina Romawi, sadangkan garis hijau putuih-putuih manunjuakan bateh antaro Palaestina Prima Romawi Timua (kamudian manjadi Jund Filastin) jo Palaestina Secunda (kamudian manjadi Jund al-Urdunn), sarato Palaestina Salutaris (kamudian menjadi Jabal at-Tih jo Jifar)

██ Bateh-bateh Mandat Britania ateh Palestina ██ Bateh-bateh Negara Palestina (Tapi Baraik jo Jalur Gaza)

Talatak di lokasi nan strategis, di antaro Mesir, Suriah jo Jazirah Arab, jo tampek lahianyo Agamo Yahudi jo Kakristenan, wilayah iko mampunyoi sijarah nan panjang jo riuh sabagai pasimpangan untuak agamo, budayo, padagangan jo politik. Wilayah iko alah dikuasai dek babagai bangsa, yaitu: Urang Mesir Kuno, Urang Kanaan, Bani Israil, Orang Assyiria, Urang Babilonia, Urang Farsi, Urang Yunani Kuno, Urang Romawi, Urang Romawi Timua, Kakhalifahan Arab Sunni, Kakhalifahan Fatimiyah Syi'ah, Urang Salibi, Ayyubiyyah, Mamluk, Turki Utsmani, Urang Britania, Urang Israel modern jo Bangsa Palestina.

Bateh-bateh dari wilayah iko salalu barubah sapanjang sijarah, jo tarakhia kali ditatapkan pado zaman modern dek Pasatujuan bateh Parancih-Britania (1920) jo Nota Transyordania (tanggal 16 September 1922), salamo pariode Mandat Palestina. Kini, wilayah iko tadiri dari Negara Israel jo Negara Palestina.

Etimologi

Istilah Peleset (Transliterasi dari Hieroglif Mesir sabagai P-r-s-t) basobok di babagai dokumen Mesir nan merujuak kapado sabuah bangsa atau tanah nan badakekan, bamulo dari sakitar taun 1150 SM salamo Dinasti kaduo puluah Mesir. Panyabuikan partamo dipakiroan ado di dalam teks-teks dari Kuil Medinet Habu, nan marekam sabuah bangsa nan disabuik Peleset ado di antaro Bangsa Lauik, nan manyerbu Mesir pado maso bakuasonya Ramses III, kamudian diikuiki dek sabuah ukiran pado Patuang Padiiset. Urang Assyria manyabuik wilayah iko sabagai Palashtu atau Pilistu, dimulai Adad-nirari III pado Lempeng Nimrod sakitar taun 800 SM, sampai kaisar Sargon II, dalam hikayaiknyo sakitar 1 abaik satalah Lempeng Nimrod.

Geografi

Peta Palestina sabagai nagara baru dari Kakhilafahan Ottoman Turki, nan dimuek dek New York Tribune pado 17 Juni 1917.

Papan namo dalam tribahaso di Palestina

Berkas:Topography of Palestine.jpg

Topografi Palestina

Palestina talatak di bagian barat benua Asia nan mambantang antaro garih lintang meridian 15-34 dan 40-35 ka arah timur, jo antari garih lintang meridian 30-29 dan 15-33 ka arah utara.

Palestina mambantuak bagian tenggara dari kasatuan geografis nan gadang di balahan timur dunia Arab nan disabuik jo nagari Syam. Salain Palestina, nagari Syam tadiri dari Lebanon, Suriah jo Yordania. Pado awalnyo nagaro-nagaro iko punyo pabatasan nan kolektif di lua pabatasannyo jo Mesir.

Pabatasan Palestina dimulai dari Lebanon di Ras El-Nakoura di wilayah Lauik Tangah (Lauik Mediterania) jo garih luruih mangarah ka timur sampai ka daerah di dakek kota ketek Lebanon iyolah kota Bent Jubayel, di mano garih pamisah antaro kaduo nagaro iko miriang ka Utara jo suduik nan hampia luruih. Pado titik iko, pabatasan barado mangitari mato aia Sungai Yordan nan manjadi bagian dari Palestina dalam jalan ketek nan mambatasinyo dari wilayah Timur jo wilayah Suriah jo danau Al Hola, Lout jo Tabariyya.

Pabatasan jo Yordania dimulai di wilayah selatan danau Tabariyya pado pambuangan sungai Al Yarmouk. Taruih sapanjang Sungai Yordan. Dari mato aia Sungai Yordan, pabatasan iko ka arah Selatan mambalah patangahan Lauik Mati sacaro geometrikal jo lembah Araba, hinggo sampai pado daerah Aqaba.

Pabatasan jo Mesir dapek digambaran jo garih nan hampia mambantuak garih luruih nan mambalah antaro daerah semi-pulau Seena jo padang pasia Al Naqab. Pabatasan iko dimulai di Rafah di Lauik Tangah hinggo sampai ka daerah Taba di Teluk Aqaba.

Di bagian Barat, Palestina talatak di sabalah paaiaan lapeh internasional dari Lauik Tangah jo jarak sakitar 250 km dari Ras El-Nakoura di balah selatan hinggo Rafah di bagian salatan.

Karano lokasinya talatak di patangahan nagaro-nagaro Arab, Palestina mambantuak kombinasi geografis nan natural jo humanistik bagi medan terestrial nan laweh nan mamuek kahidupan urang-urang asli Badui di wilayah selatan jo gaya panduduakan nan alah lamo di bagian utara. Tanah Palestina punyo kaistimewaan dibandiang jo daerah lain karano marupoan bagian dari tampek diturunkannyo sadoalah agamo samawi, tampek di mano paradaban kuno muncua, manjadi jambatan aktivitas komersial jo tampek panyusupan ekspedisi militer di sapanjang era basijarah nan babeda. Lokasi strategis nan dinikmati Palestina mamungkinkannyo untuak manjadi faktor panghubuang antaro babagai benua bagi dunia kuno Asia, Afrika jo Eropa. Palestina manjadi tampek nan dijadikan pintu masuak juo bagi pajalanan ka nagaro-nagaro tetangga. Inyo manjadi jambatan panghubuang bagi manusia sajak dulu kala, sabagaimano inyo menikmati juo lokasi sentral (Pusek) nan mamikek sabagian urang nan nio bamukim jo hiduik dalam kamakmuran.

Pamarintahan

Pada saat iko daerah Palestina tabagi manjadi duo entitas politik:

• Daerah nagaro Israel
• Daerah Otoritas Nasional Palestina, iyolah sabagian gadang Tapi Baraik jo saluruah Jalur Gaza

Caliak pulo

• Organisasi Pambebasan Palestina
• Yasser Arafat
• Konflik Israel jo Palestina
• Hamas
• Israel

Pranala lua

• Pusek Informasi Palestina [1]
• Sijarah Palestina jo Rakyaiknyo [2]
• WAFA – kantua berita Palestina [3]
• Palestine.ma [4] Archived 2007-06-29 di Wayback Machine.
• The Palestine Chronicle [5]
• Welcome to Palestine [6]
• The Hope Simpson Report (London, 1930) [7]
• Palestine Royal Commission Report (the Peel Report) (London, 1937) [8]
• Report to the Council of the League of Nations (1928) [9] Archived 2008-10-05 di Wayback Machine.
• Report to the Council of the League of Nations (1929) [10]
• Report to the Council of the League of Nations (1934) [11] Archived 2008-10-05 di Wayback Machine.
• Report to the Council of the League of Nations (1935) [12] Archived 2008-10-05 di Wayback Machine.
• www.mideastweb.org – A website with a wealth of statistics regarding population in Palestine
• Coins and Banknotes of Palestine under the British Mandate Archived 2007-06-25 di Wayback Machine.
• WorldStatesmen- Maps, flags, chronology, see Israel and Palestinian National Authority
• hWeb – Israel-Palestine in Maps Archived 2008-04-30 di Wayback Machine.
• Palestine Fact Sheet from the Common Language Project
• 1911 Encyclopedia description of Palestine
• Liberal Democrat Friends of Palestine
• History of the Palestine Problem, UN website

Peta

• Sykes-Picot Agreement, 1916 Archived 2007-06-21 di Wayback Machine.
• 1947 UN Partition Plan
• 1949 Armisitice Lines
• Israel After 1949 Armistice Agreements Archived 2007-06-21 di Wayback Machine.
• Liberal Democrat Friends of Palestine
• The Ottoman Palestine Pictures

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• Biger, Gideon (1981). Where was Palestine? Pre-World War I perception, AREA (Journal of the Institute of British Geographers) Vol 13, No. 2, pp. 153–160.
• Broshi, Magen (1979). The Population of Western Palestine in the Roman-Byzantine Period, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 236, p. 7, 1979.
• Byatt, Anthony (1973). Josephus and population numbers in first century Palestine. Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 105, pp. 51–60.
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• Ember, Melvin & Peregrine, Peter N. (2002). Encyclopedia of Prehistory. Springer. ISBN 0-306-46262-1
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• Gilbar, Gar G. (ed.), Ottoman Palestine: 1800–1914. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 90-04-07785-5
• Gilbar, Gar G. (1986). The Growing Economic Involvement of Palestine With the West, 1865–1914. In David Kushner (Ed.). Palestine in the Late Ottoman Period: Political, Social and Economic Transformation. Brill Academic Publishers. ISBN 90-04-07792-8
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•  Caliak panduan wisata Palestina di Wikivoyage

•  Caliak panduan wisata Palestina di Wikivoyage