Nepenthes rajah
Nepenthes rajah /nᵻˈpɛnθiːz ˈrɑːdʒə/ adolah spesies tumbuahan pariuak karo. Biaso tumbuah pado tanah lambok sarato banutrisi randah jo katinggian 1.500–2.600 mdpl. Spesies ko marupokan spesies paliang gadang diantaro tumbuahan pariuak karo dan juo di antaro sadoalah tumbuahan pamakan sarangga lainnyo. Binatang nan biaso dimangsonyo adolah samuik atau karanggo, tapi panah pulo ditamukan mancik nan alah satangah cerna dalam pariuaknyo.[3] Tumbuahan ko marupokan tumbuahan pamakan sarangga asali Gunuang Kinabalu jo Gunuang Tambayukon di Sabah, Malaysia. Dek area tumbuahnyo nan tabateh, pariuak karo jinih ko didaftaran sabagai spesies tarancam punah dek International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). [4][5][2]
Nepenthes rajah 
| |
|---|---|
| Status konservasi | |
Genting (id)  | |
| UICN | 39690 |
| Taksonomi | |
| Divisi | Tracheophytes |
| Subdivisi | Spermatophytes |
| Klad | Angiosperms |
| Klad | mesangiosperms |
| Klad | eudicots |
| Klad | core eudicots |
| Ordo | Caryophyllales |
| Famili | Nepenthaceae |
| Genus | Nepenthes |
| Spesies | Nepenthes rajah Hook.f., 1859 |
|
| |
| Tata namo | |
| Sinonim takson |
Nepenthes rajah
auct. non Hook.f.: A.Slack (1986) [=Nepenthes × alisaputrana] Nepenthes rajah auct. non Hook.f.: G.Cheers (1992) [=Nepenthes × kinabaluensis] |
| Distribusi | |
 | |
N. rajah partamo kali ditamukan dek Hugh Low pado taun 1858 nan kudian dideskripsikan dek Joseph Dalton Hooker, nan maagiah namo tumbuahan ko manuruik gala nan disandang James Brooke sangkek tu, yaitu Rajo Kulik Putiah Sarawak partamo (White Rajah of Sarawak). Sajak panamuan tu, tumbuahan ko manjadi tumbuahan koleksi dek urang-urang kayo gadang dek parawatannyo nan cukuik maha.[6] Nepenthes rajah manjadi tanamo pulo sabagai tanaman paliang gadang dek panah tasuo nan ukurannyo mancapai panjang 41 cm jo leba 20 cm nan dapek manampuang inggo 3,5 liter aia.[7][8][9]
Panamoan
suntiang_by_Francis_Grant.jpg)
Namo tumbuahan ko partamo kali diagiah Joseph Dalton Hooker pado taun 1859 subagai tando horomaik ka Rajo Kulik Putiah Sarawak (White Rajah of Sarawak) partamo yaitu Sir James Brooke.[10] Rajah dalam panamoan binomial tumbuahan ko barasa dari bahaso Malayu raja (Minang: rajo) sainggo sacaro harafiah Nepenthes rajah aratinyo "Rajo Pariuak Karo".[11] Samantaro panamoan umum dalam bahaso Inggirih ado banyak ragamnyo, di antaronyo Rajah Brooke's Pitcher Plant (Pariuak Karo Rajo Brooke) atau Giant Malaysian Pitcher Plant (Pariuak Karo Gadang Malaysia).[12]
Karakteristik tumbuahan
suntiang
Nepenthes rajah marupokan tumbuahan nan mulonyo tumbuah di ateh tanah nan kudian sairiang tumbuahnyo marambat jo mamanjek batang pohon nan ado di dakeknyo sainggo dapek manunjang tagaknyo. Diameter batang dari tumbuhan ko kiro-kiro ≤30 mm dan dapek mancapai panjang inggo 6 m, walau saketek nan diateh 3 m. Rono dari pariuaknyo adolah coklat galok dalam baragam paduan rono.[13]
Daun
suntiangUrek N. rajah sangaik laweh sebanyo, walau baitu urek tumbuhan ko tatanam dangka bak cando pariuak karo lainnyo. Dari ureknyo tumbuah batang nan marambat sarato mahasiakan daun di sapanjangnyo. Daun N. rajah sangaiklah khas jo ukuran nan gadang. Dari ujuang daun, barubah manjadi sulua-sulua (tendril) panjang atau pendek. Di ujuang sulua ado tuneh ketek nan bisa bakambang manjadi parangkap sarangga. Jadi, pariuak nan manjadi bagian khas satiok tumbuahan pariuak karo barasa dari modifikasi daun.[14]
Bagian masih ijau sabalun mambantuak sulua adolah bagian nan paliang manyarupoi daun pado umumnyo dan bagian nan ijau ko disabuik lamina atau alai daun. Pamukoan daunnyo kasa jo tapian nan bagalombang, sarato bantuak daun nan peltate (mampunyoi pangka daun nan mambuleh sarato agak cakuang dek di patangahan bagian buleknyo tahubuang jo tangkai daun) jo lonjong inggo lanset. Lamina dapek mancapai panjang 80 cm jo leba 15 cm. ko Ado tigo inggo limo urek-urek vena daun nan bajalan pado tiok sisi lamina dan bacabang inggo ka tapi daun. Sabalun mancapai bagian puncak lamina (agak <5 cm) ado pamanjangan sulua nan bisa mancapai 50 cm nan kudiannyo ka barubah manjadi pariuak.[15]
Pariuak
suntiangPariuak N. rajah tadiri ateh babarapo bagian. Bagian paliang ateh nan manyarupoi payuang disabuik panutuik atau operculum. Panutuik ko baguno untuak maalau tampieh aia ujan sainggo isi pariuak indak talampau panuah dan rusak. Kudian ado bagian muluik pariuak nan kareh manyarupoi bibia disabuik sabagai peristome. Turun dari bagian bibia pariuak, ado sapasang sayok nan lakek dari bagian bawah bibia pariuak inggo bawah dindiang lua pariuak. Sayok ko baguno untuak maarahan sarangga nan di ateh tanah untuk masuak ka dalam pariuak. Pariuak N. rajah tabagi duo jinih. Ado pariuak jinih "randah" atau "tanah" nan paliang banyak jinihnyo. Pariuak randah ko manapak di tanah sarato mampunyoi ukuran nan sangaik gadang, baragam paduan rono, jo bantuak nan agak mambulek talua. Ukuran bisa mancapai 40 cm nan dapek manampuang inggo 3,5 liter aia jo 2,5 liternyo adolah cairan cerna. Walau baitu rato-rato anyo sampai 200 ml. Pado pariuak randah, sulua malakek dibagian muko pariuak.[16][17]
Ukuran paliang gadang nan dilaporkan sampai kini adolah nan ditamukan pado 26 Maret 2011 yaitu sapanjang 41 cm.[7] Saingan N. rajah soal ukuran pariuak antaro lain N. merrilliana, N. truncata, jo bantuak basa dari N. rafflesiana. Walau baitu, N. rajah mampunyoi rono nan khas kok dibandiangan jo pariuak karo lainnyo. Rono pariuaknyo nyato bedanyo jo bagian tumbuahan nan lain nan ijau kakuniangan. Rono bagian lua pariuak baragam dari sirah inggo kaunguan, sadangkan bagian dalam dari ijau limau inggo kaunguan. [18]
Jinih kaduo dari pariuak N. rajah adolah pariuak "tinggi" atau "gantuang". Pariuak tinggi lataknyo indak di ateh tanah tapi manggantuang di udaro. Mampunyoi ukuran nan labiah ketek daripado pariuak randah sarato rononyo nan kurang baragam. Pabedaan lainnyo yaitu pado sulua nan lataknyo agak ka balakang sarato sayok nan mulai indak ado. Pariuak tinggi digunokan untuak mamarangkap sarangga tabang. Pariuak nan ko biaso muncua pado tumbuahan nan alah gadang. Walau baitu, pariuak tinggi pado N. rajah labiah jarang tasuo.[19]
Bibia pariuak (peristome) N. rajah mampunyoi ciri khas khas dibandiang pariuak karo lainnyo. Ciri khasnyo talatak pado bantuaknyo nan leba sarato bagarigi tajam di tapi luanyo. Ado bagian nan manonjol-nonjol dan manjadi rusuak dari bibia pariuak. Dari bagian bibia paliang randah, bajalan sapasang sayok nan manuruni dindiang pariuak inggo malakek ka sulua.[20]
Ciri khas lainnyo adolah pado payuang pariuaknyo. Payuang pariuaknyo (operculum) gadang mambantuak gobah. Bantuaknyo condong mambuek, jo ado urek di kaduo sisinyo.[21] Di bagian lakangnyo ado taji nan baukuran 20 mm dan indak bacabang.[22]
N. rajah dikataui juo mampunyoi kelenjar nektar nan sangaik gadang nan manutuik pariuaknyo. Hal iko mambedakannyo jo pariuak baruak lainnyo. Di bagian dalamnyo, dapek mancapai 300 inggo 800 kelenjar/cm².[23]
Bungo
suntiangNepenthes rajah dapek babungo sapanjang taun. Bungo-bungo N. rajah tumbuah dalam sarumpun bungo. Rumpun bungo muncua dari pucuak batang utamo, tumbuah inggo sapanjang 80 cm, bahkan ado pulo nan bisa mancapai 120 cm.[17][22] Pado satiok rumpun N. rajah hanyo mampunyoi ciek kelamin bungo. Bungo N. rajah juo dilaporkan mahasiakan aroma gulo nan kuek sarato barono kuniang kacoklatan. Satiok bungo nan tumbuah dapek babuah jo buah nan dihasiakannyo baukuran 10-20 mm jo rono oranye kacoklatan.[24]
Ekologi
suntiang
Seba tumbuah Nepenthes rajah ko tabateh pado Gunuang Kinabalu jo Gunuang Tambayukon, nan kaduonyo basabalahan sarato masuak dalam Taman Nasional Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.[25] Gunuang Kinabalu marupokan gunuang tatinggi di Pulau Kalimantan jo tatinggi sa-Malaysia jo katinggian 4.095,2 mdpl.[26] Gunuang Kinabalu tabatuak dari struktur granit padek. Pado lereang bawahnyo tasusun dek batu-batu pasia dek bantuakan pasian lauik 35 juta taun nan lewaik. Sadangkan di bagian salilik gunuang nan labiah tinggi banyak tasusun dari tanah ultramafik atau tanah serpentin nan banyak kanduangan logam barek sarupo nikel jo kromium sarato tanah nan kurang nutrisi cando pado tanah subua biaso. Namun, di bagian ko banyak basarobok tumbuahan-tumbuahan langka nan asali kawasan ko.[27][28] Samantaro Gunuang Tambayukon adolah gunuang tatinggi katigo di Malaysia nan punyo katinggian inggo 2.579 mdpl. Gunuang ko ado di sisi utara dari Gunuang Kinabalu.[29][30][31]
Nepenthes rajah marupokan tumbuahan gunuang nan tumbuah pado katinggian 1.500–2.600 mdpl.[32] Pado katinggian tasabuik dapek tajadi parubahan suhu nan sangaik bajauahan. Pado kondisi siang bisa manjadi sangaik angek apolai kok indak barawan dek pancayoan matoari nan sangaik intens.[33] Samantaro manjadi talampau dingin di malam ari dek paningkekan kalambaban udaro (dapek barubah dari 65–75% manjadi 95%).[34]
Pado kaduo gunuang tasabuik, Nepenthes rajah tumbuah di ateh tanah balogam barek cando nikel jo kromium nan biasonyo manjadi tubo untuak banyak tumbuahan.[27] Tananhnyo kayo jo magnesium sarato alkalin. Pado kaadaan iko, N. rajah dapek batahan iduik, sainggo indak baitu banyak punyo pasaiang di tampeknyo tumbuah. Dipakirokan 16% tanah di Taman Nasional Kinabalu marupokan tanah balogam barek. Salain N. rajah, adopulo spesies pariuak karo lainnyo nan bisa tumbuah yaitu N. × alisaputrana jo N. villosa.[28][35][36]
Simbiosis
suntiangKarnivora
suntiang
Nepenthes rajah adolah tumbuahan karnivora. Makanan utamonyo adolah sarangga sarupo samuik atau karanggo,[16] adopulo binatang ketek lain sarupo koncek, cicak, bingkaruang ketek, jo buruang. Mungkin untuak binatang ketek labiah dek kondisi binatang tasabuik sadang mancari tampek balinduang atau dek sakik.[37] Di lua itu, panah pulo dilaporkan mamalia takuruang di dalam pariuaknyo sarupo mancik jo tupai. Ado duo laporan pangamatan soal mancik nan ikuik tabanam, yiaut pangamatan partamo di taun 1862 dek Spenser St. John, nan mangawani Hugh Low untuak duo kali pandakian,[11] dan ciek lai di taun 1988 dek Anthea Phillipps jo Anthony Lamb.[3][11] Samantaro pado taun 2011 ado laporan soal tupai gunuang nan takuruang.[38][39]
Mutualisme jo mamalia
suntiangTupai gunuang (Tupaia montana) jo mancik utan kinabalu (Rattus baluensis)[38][40] marupokan duo mamalia nan acok dilaporkan punyo hubuangan basilabo jo N. rajah. Pado bagian bawah payuang pariuak N. rajah ado nektar sabagai makanan untuak tupai jo mancik. Jarak antaro payuang pariuak jo bibia pariuak dinilai sasuai jo panjang tubuah kaduo mamalia ko. Salamo makan, tupai biasonyo buang aia gadang pulo, dan kotoran nan dihasiakan masuak ka dalam pariuak dan manjadi cadangan nitrogen untuak N. rajah.[41][42] Antaro tupai jo mancik punyo jam makannyo surang-surang. Dilaporkan baso tupai mangunjuangi N. rajah katiko siang ari, sadangkan mancik pado malam ari.[40]
Binatang iduik dalam pariuak
suntiang
Walau tanamo sabagai tumbuahan pamakan binatang, pariuak karo N.rajah bisa manjadi tampek balinduang dek babarapo binatang ketek. Hal iko disabuik jo istilah infauna. Manuruik Clarke hubuangan binatang-binatang ko jo N. rajah alun lai jaleh.[43] Adopulo serangga nan hanyo bisa iduik di dalam pariuak karo, indak bisa di tampek lain. Binantang atua sarangga cando iko disabuik sabagai nepenthebionts.[44] Contoh nepenthebionts nan tanamo adolah rangik Culex rajah jo Toxorhynchites rajah. Kaduo rangik ko batalua jo iduik manjadi larva (jentik-jentik) di dalam pariuak N. rajah. Hal iko partamo kali dilaporkan dek Masuhisa Tsukamoto taun 1989, manuruik tamuan larva nan inyo dapek sajak tigo taun sabalunnyo. Dari pangamatannyo ditamukan baso larva-larva nan iduik balampih jo Vorticella nan manyarupoi protozoa. Namun, alun dikataui bana apokah N. rajah talibaik dalam pamindahan panyakik dek manjadi tampek balinduang rangik atau indak.
Amo
suntiangAdo masonyo babarapo binatang manjadi amo untuak N. rajah dapek batahan iduik. Kadang, N. rajah disarang dek sarangga-sarangga nan mamakanan bagian daunnyo jo lapisan dindiangnyo. Ado pulo, binatang mamalia lainnyo sarupo baruak nan kadang-kadang mangoyak pariuak N. rajah untuak mancari makan dari dalamnyo.[45]
Galeri
suntiang-
Karakteristik daun N. rajah nan bantuaknyo peltate -
Bungo N. rajah -
Buah N. rajah -
Pariuak 41 cm nan ditamukan pado Maret 2011
Rujuakan
suntiang- ↑ Clarke, Cantley, Nerz, Rischer & Wistuba 2000.
- ↑ a b "APPENDICES I AND II as adopted by the Conference of the Parties" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2006-02-14. (120 KiB)
- ↑ a b Phillipps 1988, p. 55.
- ↑ "Nepenthes Rajah: The King of the Pitcher Plants". Atlas Obscura (dalam bahasa Inggirih). Diakses tanggal 2019-12-12.
- ↑ Clarke 1997, p. 123.
- ↑ Hooker 1859.
- ↑ a b Hamilton, G. 2011. "The Sabah Society Mesilau Trip, March 26–27, 2011" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2018-09-30. Diakses tanggal 2011-07-02. The Sabah Society.
- ↑ McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ↑ "Focus: Rajah Brooke's Pitcher Plant" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2006-05-26. (111 KiB)
- ↑ Kurata 1976, p. 61.
- ↑ a b c Steiner 2002, p. 94.
- ↑ Gibson 1983.
- ↑ Clarke 1997, pp. 10, 120.
- ↑ Clarke 2001b,pp. 120,122
- ↑ Clarke 2001b,pp. 120,122
- ↑ a b Clarke 2001b, p. 7.
- ↑ a b "Focus: Rajah Brooke's Pitcher Plant" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2006-05-26. (111 KiB)
- ↑ Clarke 2001b, p. 26.
- ↑ Clarke & Kruger 2005
- ↑ Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25(1): 90–102. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02406.x
- ↑ (Jerman) Schmid-Hollinger, R. N.d. Kannendeckel (lid) Archived 2013-12-06 di Wayback Machine.. bio-schmidhol.ch.
- ↑ a b Clarke 1997, p. 122.
- ↑ Danser 1928, 38.
- ↑ Adam, J.H. & C.C. Wilcock 1999. "Palynological study of Bornean Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae)" (PDF). Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 22(1): 1–7.
- ↑ Clarke 1997, p. 123.
- ↑ "Sabah Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Environment Homepage". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2006-04-23. Diakses tanggal 2006-05-02.
- ↑ a b Gibson2.
- ↑ a b Adlassnig, Peroutka, Lambers & Lichtscheidl 2005.
- ↑ George Argent; Anthony Lamb; Anthea Phillipps (2007). The Rhododendrons of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo). ISBN 978-983-812-111-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=5DklAQAAMAAJ.
- ↑ Lawrence S. Hamilton; James O. Juvik; F.N. Scatena (6 December 2012). Tropical Montane Cloud Forests. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4612-2500-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=pO_SBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA194.
- ↑ "Mount Tambuyukon". Sabah Tourism. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2 July 2019. Diakses tanggal 2 July 2019.
- ↑ "Vegetation Zones on Mount Kinabalu". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2005-09-15. Diakses tanggal 2006-04-14.
- ↑ Clarke 1997, p. 120.
- ↑ Clarke 1997, p. 29.
- ↑ Kaul 1982.
- ↑ Clarke 2001b.
- ↑ Clarke 1997, p. 33.
- ↑ a b Wells, K., M.B. Lakim, S. Schulz & M. Ayasse 2011. Pitchers of Nepenthes rajah collect faecal droppings from both diurnal and nocturnal small mammals and emit fruity odour. Journal of Tropical Ecology 27(4): 347–353. doi:10.1017/S0266467411000162
- ↑ Walker, M. 2010. Giant meat-eating plants prefer to eat tree shrew poo. BBC Earth News, March 10, 2010.
- ↑ a b Greenwood, M., C. Clarke, C.C. Lee, A. Gunsalam & R.H. Clarke 2011. A unique resource mutualism between the giant Bornean pitcher plant, Nepenthes rajah, and members of a small mammal community. PLoS ONE 6(6): e21114. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021114
- ↑ Chin, L., J.A. Moran & C. Clarke 2010. Trap geometry in three giant montane pitcher plant species from Borneo is a function of tree shrew body size. New Phytologist 186 (2): 461–470. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03166.x
- ↑ Clarke, C., J.A. Moran & L. Chin 2010. Mutualism between tree shrews and pitcher plants: perspectives and avenues for future research. Plant Signaling & Behavior 5(10): 1187–1189. doi:10.4161/psb.5.10.12807
- ↑ Clarke 1997, pp. 42–43.
- ↑ Beaver 1979, pp. 1–10.
- ↑ Burbidge 1880.
Daftar pustaka
suntiang- [Anonymous] 1881. Messrs. Veitch's Nepenthes-house. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 16(410): 598–599.
- [Anonymous] 1883. Mr. A. E. Ratcliff's Nepenthes. The Gardeners' Chronicle 20(497): 18–19.
- [Anonymous] 1884. Nepenthes Rajah. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 21(524): 52.
- [Anonymous] 1884. Nepenthes Rajah. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 21(526): 116.
- [Anonymous] 1887. Nepenthes at Messrs. Veitch's, Chelsea. The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 2(41): 438.
- [Anonymous] 2006. Pflanze verdaut Maus. Spiegel Online 29 September 2006.
- "T. B." 1881. Home correspondence. Nepenthes Rajah. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 16(409): 571.
- Adam, J. H. & C. C. Wilcock 1992. A new natural hybrid of Nepenthes from Mt. Kinabalu (Sabah). Reinwardtia 11: 35–40.
- Adam, J. H. 1997. "Prey spectra of Bornean Nepenthes species (Nepenthaceae) in relation to their habitat" (PDF). Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 20(2–3): 121–134.
- Adam, J. H. & C. C. Wilcock 1998 ['1996']. Pitcher plants of Mt. Kinabalu in Sabah. The Sarawak Museum Journal 50(71): 145–171.
- Adam, J. H., R. Omar & C. C. Wilcock 2002. "Phytochemical Screening of Flavonoids in Three Hybrids of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) and their Putative Parental Species from Sarawak and Sabah".[pranala nonaktif permanen]. OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences 2 (9): 623–625. ISSN 1812-5719 doi:10.3923/jbs.2002.623.625
- Adlassnig, W., M. Peroutka, H. Lambers & I. K. Lichtscheidl 2005. The roots of carnivorous plants.[pranala nonaktif permanen] Root Physiology: from Gene to Function 4: 127–140. ISBN 978-1-4020-4098-6 (print) ISBN 978-1-4020-4099-3 (online) doi:10.1007/1-4020-4099-7_6
- Arx, B., J. Schlauer & M. Groves 2001. CITES Carnivorous Plant Checklist.[pranala nonaktif permanen] The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. 99 pp. ISBN 1-84246-035-8
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- Beaver, R. A. 1979. Fauna and food webs of pitcher plants in West Malaysia. The Malayan Nature Journal 33 (1): 1–10.
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- Burbidge, F.W. 1882. Notes on the new Nepenthes. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(420): 56.
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- Cheers, G. 1992. Letts Guide to Carnivorous Plants of the World. Letts of London House, Parkgate Road, London SW11 4NQ. x + 174 pp. ISBN 1-85238-124-8
- Clarke, C. M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. xi + 207 pp. ISBN 983-812-057-X
- Clarke, C. M. 2001a. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. ix + 325 pp. ISBN 983-812-050-2
- Clarke, C. M. 2001b. A Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sabah. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. iv + 40 pp. ISBN 983-812-015-4
- Clarke, C. 2013. What Can Tree Shrews Tell Us about the Effects of Climate Change on Pitcher Plants? Archived 2016-03-05 di Wayback Machine. [video] TESS seminars, 25 September 2013.
- Clarke, C. M. & R. Kruger 2005. Nepenthes rowanae (Nepenthaceae), a remarkable species from Cape York, Australia. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 34 (2): 36–41.
- Clarke, C. M., R. Cantley, J. Nerz, H. Rischer & A. Witsuba 2000. Nepenthes rajah. IUCN 2006, 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
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- D'Amato, P. 1998. The Savage Garden: Cultivating Carnivorous Plants. Ten Speed Press, Berkeley, California. xxii + 314 pp. ISBN 0-89815-915-6
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- Fairbrothers, D. E., J. J. Mabry, R. L. Scogin & B. L. Turner 1975. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 62: 765–800.
- Fretwell, S. 2013. Back in Borneo for giant Nepenthes. Part 1: Mesilau Nature Reserve, Ranau. Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society Journal 107: 6–13.
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Umum
suntiang- Focus: Rajah Brooke's Pitcher Plant(Inggirih)
- Die Karnivoren-Datenbank: Nepenthes rajah (Jerman)
Gambar
suntiang- Photographs of N. rajah in its natural habitat (Inggirih)
- Images of N. rajah in natural habitat and tissue culture (Inggirih)
- Borneo Exotics: Nepenthes rajah (Inggirih)
Budidaya
suntiang- N. rajah Cultivation Notes (Inggirih)
- Further Cultivation Notes (Inggirih)
- Colorado Carnivorous Plant Society: Nepenthes rajah (Inggirih)
- Growth of plant in cultivation over several years Archived 2016-03-03 di Wayback Machine. (Inggirih)
- Large plants in cultivation (Inggirih)
Lainnyo
suntiang- The International Plant Names Index: Nepenthes rajah (Inggirih)
- Nepenthes rajah entry from Danser's Monograph Archived 2006-08-30 di Wayback Machine. (Inggirih)
- IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Nepenthes rajah (Inggirih)
- Video about Nepenthes rajah dari The Private Life of Plants (Inggirih)