Generasi Z
Generasi Z, disabuik juo jadi Gen Z dan dalam bahaso sahari-hari dikenal sabagai Zoomers,[1][2][3] adolah urang-urang nan lahia pado tahun 1997 hinggo 2012. Sabagian besar Generasi Z adolah anak-anak dari Generasi X atau Milenial nan labaih tuo. Generasi Z lahia pado awa Abaik ke-21, dan manjadi generasi partamo nan tumbuah dengan akses Internet dan teknologi digital samanjak usia mudo.
Para panaliti dan media populer manggunoan patangahan hinggo akhia tahun 1990-an sabagai tahun awal kalahiran dan awa tahun 2010-an sebagai tahun akhia kalahiran Gen Z.[4] Hal iko mamungkinkan adonyo perbedaan di satiok wilayah atau negara atas pangklasifikasian rentang usia masiang-masiang generasi, salah satu nan manjadi pertimbangan dalam hal iko adolah pakambangan teknologi di satiok negara atau wilayah nan indak samo, nan akan bapangaruah tahadok pola hidup, mindset, pengalaman, psikologi, dan lain sabagainyo pado satiok generasi. Adapun klasifikasi rentang tahun kalahiran Gen Z atau Generasi Z nan digunoan di Indonesia barawa dari tahun 1997 hingga 2012 badasarkan data resmi nan ditetapkan Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Indonesia pado Sensus Penduduk tahun 2020.[5][6][7]
Sabagai generasi sosial partamo nan tumbuah dengan akses ka Internet jo teknologi digital portabel samanjak usia mudo, Gen Z, meskipun alum melek digital, alah dijuluki jo "digital native" atau urang-urang nan tumbuah basamoan dengan reformasi digital.[8][9][10][11] Salain itu, efek negatif dari manghabiskan waktu dengan layar paling terasa terjadi pada remaja, dibandingkan dengan anak-anak yang lebih kecil.[12] Dibandingkan jo generasi sabalumnyo, Gen Z cenderung hidup lebih lambat dibandingkan pandahulunyo katiko mereka saumuaran;[13][14] mampunyoi tingkek kehamilan remaja nan labiah randah; dan labiah jarang mangonsumsi alkohol (tetapi alum tantu ubek psikoaktif lainnya).[15][16][17] Remaja Z labiah peduli dibandingkan generasi nan labiah tuo tahadok prestasi akademis jo prospek pekerjaan,[18][13] dan labiah baiak dalam menunda kepuasan dibandiangkan generasi tahun 1960-an, meskipun ado kakhawatiran sabaliaknyo.[19] Prevalensi sexting di kalangan remaja samakin maningkek; konsekuensi dari hal iko masih kurang dipahami.[20] Salain itu, budaya anak muda manjadi labiah senyap meskipun indak hilang.[21][22]
Sscaro global, tadapek bukti bahwa rato-rato umua pubertas di kalangan anak perempuan alah jauah manurun dibandingkan abaik ka-20, nan badampak pado kasejahteraan dan maso depan mereka.[23][24][25][26][27] Selain itu, prevalensi alergi di kalangan remaja dan dewasa muda Gen Z lebih besar dibandingkan populasi umum;[28][29] terdapat kesadaran dan diagnosis yang lebih besar terhadap kondisi kesehatan mental,[18][17][30][31] dan kurang tidur lebih sering dilaporkan.[9][32][33] Di banyak negara, remaja Gen Z labiah mungkin didiagnosis menderita disabilitas intelektual jo gangguan kejiwaan dibandiangkan generasi nan labiah tuo.[34][35]
Di saluruh dunia, Gen Z manghabiskan labiah banyak wakatu pado parangkat elektronik dan labiah saketek wakatu untuak mambaco buku dibandingkan sabalumnyo,[36][37][38] yang badampak pado rentang perhatian,[39][40] kosakata,[41][42] prestasi akademik,[43] dan kontribusi ekonomi maso nan akan datang.[36]
Rujuakan
suntiang- ↑ "Words We're Watching: 'Zoomer'". Merriam-Webster. October 2021. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal February 11, 2020. Diakses tanggal October 25, 2021.
- ↑ "zoomer". Dictionary.com. January 16, 2020. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 26, 2021. Diakses tanggal June 14, 2020.
- ↑ "Definition of ZOOMER". www.merriam-webster.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal April 28, 2023.
- ↑ "Generation Z". Collins. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal October 17, 2023. Diakses tanggal October 17, 2023.
- ↑ "Generasi "Milenial" Dan Generasi "Kolonial"". Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia.
- ↑ "Who Are the Parents of Gen Z?". Signal Vine. August 26, 2021. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal April 7, 2022. Diakses tanggal March 10, 2022.
- ↑ Kingl, Adam (November 17, 2022). "Gen Y vs. Gen Z: Understanding Similarities, Differences and Leadership Challenges". www.audacy.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal May 19, 2023. Diakses tanggal May 19, 2023.
- ↑ Turner, Anthony (2015). "Generation Z: Technology And Social Interest". Journal of Individual Psychology. 71 (2): 103–113. doi:10.1353/jip.2015.0021.
- ↑ a b Twenge, Jean (October 19, 2017). "Teens are sleeping less – but there's a surprisingly easy fix". The Conversation. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal November 12, 2020. Diakses tanggal November 11, 2020.
- ↑ Strauss, Valerie (November 16, 2019). "Today's kids might be digital natives — but a new study shows they aren't close to being computer literate". Education. The Washington Post. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal November 17, 2019. Diakses tanggal November 21, 2019.
- ↑ Demopoulos, Alaina (February 28, 2023). "'Scanners are complicated': why Gen Z faces workplace 'tech shame'". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal May 13, 2023.
- ↑ Adelantado-Renau, Mireia; Moliner-Urdiales, Diego; Cavero-Redondo, Iván; Beltran-Valls, Maria Reyes; Martínez-Vizcaíno, Vicente; Álvarez-Bueno, Celia (September 23, 2019). "Association Between Screen Media Use and Academic Performance Among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". JAMA Pediatrics. American Medical Association. 173 (11): 1058–1067. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3176. hdl:10234/186798. PMC 6764013 . PMID 31545344.
- ↑ a b "Teenagers are better behaved and less hedonistic nowadays". International. The Economist. January 10, 2018. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 19, 2020. Diakses tanggal September 29, 2020.
- ↑ Twenge, Jean (September 19, 2017). "Why today's teens aren't in any hurry to grow up". The Conversation. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal November 15, 2020. Diakses tanggal November 13, 2020.
- ↑ Schepis, Ty (November 19, 2020). "College-age kids and teens are drinking less alcohol – marijuana is a different story". The Conversation. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal November 21, 2020. Diakses tanggal November 21, 2020.
- ↑ Hymas, Charles (December 9, 2020). "Generation Z swap drink for drugs as class A use by 16-24-year-olds rises by half in seven years". The Telegraph. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal December 10, 2020. Diakses tanggal December 19, 2020.
- ↑ a b Chandler-Wilde, Helen (August 6, 2020). "The future of Gen Z's mental health: How to fix the 'unhappiest generation ever'". The Telegraph (dalam bahasa Inggris). ISSN 0307-1235. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 10, 2022. Diakses tanggal August 8, 2020.
- ↑ a b "Generation Z is stressed, depressed and exam-obsessed". The Economist. February 27, 2019. ISSN 0013-0613. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal March 28, 2019. Diakses tanggal March 28, 2019.
- ↑ Protzko, John (May–June 2020). "Kids These Days! Increasing delay of gratification ability over the past 50 years in children". Intelligence. 80 (101451). doi:10.1016/j.intell.2020.101451. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal February 3, 2023. Diakses tanggal September 26, 2020.
- ↑ Del Rey, Rosario; Ojeda, Mónica; Casas, José A.; Mora-Merchán, Joaquín A.; Elipe, Paz (August 21, 2019). Rey, Lourdes, ed. "Sexting Among Adolescents: The Emotional Impact and Influence of the Need for Popularity". Educational Psychology. Frontiers in Psychology. 10 (1828): 1828. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01828 . PMC 6712510 . PMID 31496968.
- ↑ Petridis, Alexis (March 20, 2014). "Youth subcultures: what are they now?". The Guardian. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal November 22, 2020. Diakses tanggal January 4, 2021.
- ↑ Watts, Peter (April 10, 2017). "Is Youth Culture A Thing of the Past?". Apollo. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 7, 2021. Diakses tanggal January 4, 2021.
- ↑ Weir, Kirsten (March 2016). "The risks of earlier puberty". Monitor. American Psychological Association. 47 (3): 40. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 17, 2022. Diakses tanggal December 20, 2020.
- ↑ Lamothe, Cindy (June 12, 2018). "The health risks of maturing early". BBC Future. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 25, 2021. Diakses tanggal January 9, 2021.
- ↑ Hanson, Mark; Gluckman, Peter (30 November 2005). "New research shows how evolution explains age of puberty". University of Southampton. Diakses tanggal 2023-07-04.
- ↑ Hochberg, Ze′ev; Konner, Melvin (2020). "Emerging Adulthood, a Pre-adult Life-History Stage". Frontiers in Endocrinology. 10 (918): 918. doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00918 . PMC 6970937 . PMID 31993019.
- ↑ Eckert-Lind, Camilla; Busch, Alexander S.; Petersen, Jørgen H.; Biro, Frank M.; Butler, Gary; Bräuner, Elvira V.; Juul, Anders (2020). "Worldwide Secular Trends in Age at Pubertal Onset Assessed by Breast Development Among Girls: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". JAMA Pediatrics. American Medical Association. 174 (4): e195881. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.5881. PMC 7042934 . PMID 32040143.
- ↑ Graphic Detail (October 3, 2019). "The prevalence of peanut allergy has trebled in 15 years". Daily Chart. The Economist. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal October 4, 2019. Diakses tanggal October 3, 2019.
- ↑ "Why everybody is suddenly allergic to everything". Health. National Post. July 30, 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 26, 2020. Diakses tanggal November 24, 2019.
- ↑ American Psychological Association (March 15, 2019). "Mental health issues increased significantly in young adults over last decade". Science Daily. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal December 20, 2020. Diakses tanggal December 31, 2020.
- ↑ Schraer, Rachel (February 11, 2019). "Is young people's mental health getting worse?". Health. BBC. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 5, 2021. Diakses tanggal December 26, 2020.
- ↑ Kansagra, Sujay (May 2020). "Sleep Disorders in Adolescents". Pediatrics. American Academy of Pediatrics. 145 (Supplement 2): S204–S209. doi:10.1542/peds.2019-2056I . PMID 32358212. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal July 29, 2022. Diakses tanggal January 1, 2021.
- ↑ University of Rochester (January 9, 2020). "Parents aren't powerless when it comes to sleep-deprived teenagers". Science Daily. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal April 17, 2021. Diakses tanggal January 1, 2021.
- ↑ Maulik, Pallab K.; Mascarenhas, Maya N.; Mathers, Colin D.; Dua, Tarun; Saxena, Shekhar (2011). "Prevalence of intellectual disability: A meta-analysis of population-based studies". Research in Developmental Disabilities. 32 (2): 419–436. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2010.12.018. PMID 21236634. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 26, 2020. Diakses tanggal September 15, 2020.
- ↑ Buckley, Nicholas; Glasson, Emma J.; et al. (May 30, 2020). "Prevalence estimates of mental health problems in children and adolescents with intellectual disability: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists. 54 (10): 970–984. doi:10.1177/0004867420924101 . PMID 32475125.
- ↑ a b Thomas, Leigh (December 3, 2019). "Education levels stagnating despite higher spending: OECD survey". World News. Reuters. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal February 5, 2020. Diakses tanggal February 5, 2020.
- ↑ Ferguson, Donna (February 29, 2020). "Children are reading less than ever before, research reveals". The Guardian. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal November 1, 2020. Diakses tanggal November 7, 2020.
- ↑ Sliwa, Jim (August 20, 2018). "Teens Today Spend More Time on Digital Media, Less Time Reading". American Psychological Association. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal November 1, 2020. Diakses tanggal November 8, 2020.
- ↑ "How Technology Affects the Attention Span of Children". Your Therapy Source. April 18, 2019. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal April 17, 2021. Diakses tanggal March 31, 2021.
- ↑ "Too Much Screen Time?". Penn State University. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal April 17, 2021. Diakses tanggal March 31, 2021.
- ↑ Massey University (September 20, 2010). "Vocabulary on decline due to fewer books". Social Sciences. Phys.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 26, 2021. Diakses tanggal November 7, 2020.
- ↑ Adams, Richard (April 19, 2018). "Teachers in UK report growing 'vocabulary deficiency'". The Guardian. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal November 12, 2020. Diakses tanggal November 11, 2020.
- ↑ Busby, Eleanor (April 19, 2018). "Children's grades at risk because they have narrow vocabulary, finds report". Education. The Independent. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal November 9, 2020. Diakses tanggal November 22, 2020.