Utsman bin Affan
Utsman bin Affan (bahaso Arab: عُثْمَان بْن عَفَّان, lk. 573 atau 576 – 17 Juni 656) adolah khalifah katigo Islam nan mamarentah dari tahun 644 hinggo pambunuahannyo pado tahun 656 M. Utsman marupokan dunsanak kaduo, minantu, sarato Sahabaik Nabi Islam Muhammad nan mamainan paran pantiang dalam sijarah Islam awal. Pado maso pamarentahannyo sabagai khalifah, inyo dikenal mamarentahan pangumpuangan Al-Qur'an versi standar nan masih digunoan hinggo kini.
Kahidupan awal
suntiangUtsman lahia di Hijaz. Tanggal pastinyo masih dipadebatan, baiak tahun 573 ataupun 576.[1] Inyo lahia dari kaluarga kayo dari tokoh Bani Umayyah. Ayahnyo, Affan bin Abi al-As baasa dari Bani Umayyah, jo amaknyo Arwa binti Kuraiz baasa dari Abdsham, nan marupokan suku kuaik jo kayo di Makah. Utsman punyo surang sanak padusi, Amina.
Ayahnyo maningga katiko mudo, dalam pajalanan kafilah, maninggaan Utsman jo harato warih nan banyak. Utsman jo cadiaknyo mainvestasian haratonyo dalam padagangan jo manjadi sudagar sukses, manjadiannyo salah surang urang takayo di kalangan Quraisy.[2]
Masuak Islam
suntiangKatiko baru baliak dari pajalanan dagang ka Suriah tahun 611, Utsman mangatahui dakwah nan dibaok Muhammad. Sasudah badiskusi jo Abu Bakar, Utsman mamutuihan untuak mamaluak Islam, jo Abu Bakar mambaoknyo kahadapan Muhammad untuak basyahadat. Utsman kamudian manjadi salah surang urang nan paliang awal masuak Islam.[3] Inyo tadaftar sabagai salah surang dari duo puluah duo urang Makah pado awal Islam nan pandai baco tulih.[4]
Rujuakan
suntiang- ↑ Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir Volume 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). The Companions of Badr. London: TaHa Publishers.
- ↑ Al-Mubarakphuri, Safi-ur-Rahman (1996), Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum [The Sealed Nectar], Riyadh: Dar-us-Salam Publications.
- ↑ Ahmad; Basit, Abdul (2000), Uthman bin Affan, the Third Caliph of Islam, Riyadh: Dar-us-Salam Publications.
- ↑ Ahmed ibn Jabir al-Baladhuri. Kitab Futuh al-Buldan. Translated by Murgotten, F. C. (1924). The Origins of the Islamic State Part 2, p. 271. New York: Longmans, Green & Co., & London: P. S. King & Son, Ltd.
Bibliografi
suntiang- Barnaby Rogerson (4 November 2010), The Heirs Of The Prophet Muhammad: And the Roots of the Sunni-Shia Schism, Little, Brown Book Group, ISBN 978-0-7481-2470-1
- Barnaby Rogerson (2008), The Heirs of Muhammad: Islam's First Century and the Origins of the Sunni-Shia Split, Overlook, ISBN 978-1-59020-022-3
- The History of al-Tabari. 15. https://books.google.com/books?id=oALIyvjV0fEC.
- Madelung, Wilferd (1997). The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-64696-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=2QKBUwBUWWkC.
Bacon tambahan
suntiang- 'Uthmān ibn 'Affān Muslim caliph, in Encyclopædia Britannica Online, by Asma Afsaruddin, Gita Liesangthem, Surabhi Sinha, Noah Tesch and The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Crone, Patricia; Hinds, Martin (1986). God's Caliph: Religious Authority in the First Centuries of Islam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-32185-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=Ow-mV50c2TUC&pg=PA7.