Stephen Breyer
Stephen Gerald Breyer (/ˈbraɪ.ər/; lahia di San Francisco, 15 Agustus 1938; umua 86 taun) adolah surang hakim Amerika Sarikat. Inyo manjabaik subagai Hakim Aguang Amerika Sarikat sajak diangkek dek Presiden Bill Clinton pado tahun 1994. Sabalun manjadi hakim aguang, inyo manjadi hakim pado Pangadilan Bandiang untuak Wilayah ka-1 di San Francisco. Breyer tamasuak golongan hakim nan bapandangan liberal di dunia hukum Amerika Sarikat.[1]
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| Namo dalam bahaso usali | (en) Stephen Breyer  | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biografi | |||||
| Lahia | (en) Stephen Gerald Breyer 15 Agustus 1938 (86 tahun (id)  )San Francisco (id) | ||||
3 Agustus 1994 – 30 Juni 2022 ← Harry Andrew Blackmun (id) – Ketanji Brown Jackson (en) →
10 Desember 1980 – 3 Agustus 1994 | |||||
| Data pribadi | |||||
| Agamo | Agamo Yahudi | ||||
| Almamater | Universitas Stanford (id) Universitas Harvard Fakultas Hukum Universitas Harvard Magdalen College (en) Lowell High School (en) | ||||
| Kagiatan | |||||
| Karajo | Ahli hukum, hakim, advokat, dosen paguruan tinggi jo politikus | ||||
| Pagawai | Universitas Harvard Departemen Kehakiman Amerika Serikat (id) | ||||
| Kaluarga | |||||
| Pasangan hiduik | Joanna Freda Hare (en) (1967–) | ||||
| Abak | Irving Breyer (en) | ||||
| Sanak saibu/sabapak | Charles R. Breyer (en) | ||||
Panghargaan
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Kaidupan awal
suntiangBreyer lahia di San Francisco pado keluarga Yahudi kelas manangah.[2] Ayahnyo, Irving, adolah kuaso hukum bagi Dinas Pendidikan San Francisco. Inyo lulus dari Lowell High School pado tahun 1955 dan dari Universitas Stanford pado tahun 1959, bagala B.A. dalam kajian filsafat.
Breyer mandapek Beasiswa Marshall untuak kuliah di Magdalen College, Universitas Oxford; inyo lulus pado tahun 1960.[3] Salapeh dari Oxford, Breyer masuak ka Fakultas Hukum Universitas Harvard; inyo manjadi editor Harvard Law Review dan lulus dengan predikat magna cum laude pado tahun 1964.[4]
Karir hukum
suntiangSalapeh bagala sarjana hukum, Breyer batugas sabagai kerani hukum untuak Hakim Aguang Arthur Goldberg dan pagawai pamareso fakta untuak Komisi Warren. Inyo kudian karajo di Departemen Kahakiman partamo-tamo subagai asisten khusus Wakil Jaksa Agung dan kudian subagai wakil jaksa khusus untuak satuan tugas panuntutan skandal Watergate. Salapeh kalua dari dari Departemen Kahakiman, Breyer manjadi panasihat hukum untuak Komisi Kahakiman Senat nan dikatuai Senator Edward M. Kennedy.[5]
Breyer mulai maaja di Harvard sajak tahun 1967. Inyo manjabaik subagai guru besar inggo taun 1980, dan manjadi tanamo subagai pakar hukum administrasi nagara.[6]Inyo juo manjadi dosen tamu di Sydney College of Law, Universitas Roma, jo Fakultas Hukum Universitas Tulane.[7]
Karir kahakiman
suntiangBreyer diangkek dek Presiden Jimmy Carter ka Pangadilan Bandiang Amerika Sarikat untuak Wilayah ka-1, bakaduduakan di Boston, pado tanggal 13 November 1980. Inyo dikonfirmasi dek Senat pado 9 Desember 1980. Dari tahun 1990 inggo 1994, Breyer manjabaik subagai Ketua Hakim..[8]
Salapeh pensiunnyo Hakim Aguang Harry Blackmun, Presiden Bill Clinton mancalonan Breyer ka Mahkamah Aguang pado 17 Mei 1994. Inyo dikonfirmasi dek Senat pado 29 Juli 1994 dan mulai bertugas pado 3 Agustus 1994.[9]
Pandangan hukum
suntiangBreyer tanamo subagai surang hakim nan bapandangan liberal. Dalam mamutuihan atau manafsiran sabuah undang-undang, Breyer manyatoan baso inyo manggunoan anam alaik utamo: teks, sajarah, tradisi, preseden, tujuan paraturan, dan akibaik dari panafsiran nan lain. Duo alaik nan taakhia, manuruik Breyer, mambedoannyo jo hakim nan konservatif cando Antonin Scalia.[10] Dalam manantuan konstitusionalitas sabuah undang-undang, Breyer maambiak barek tujuan jo akibaiknyo, tarutamo untuak masyarakat laweh. [11]
Manuruik Cass Sunstein, kaputusan-kaputusan Breyer acok basipek pragmatis dan mambuek sabuah hukum labiah dapek dipahami dek urang banyak.[12]
Rujuakan
suntiang- ↑ Kersch, Ken (2006). "Justice Breyer's Mandarin Liberty". 73. University of Chicago Law Review: 759–822. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal December 26, 2017.
- ↑ Urofsky, Melvin I. (2006-05-25) (dalam bahaso en). Biographical Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court: The Lives and Legal Philosophies of the Justices. CQ Press. pp. 74. ISBN 9781452267289. https://books.google.com/books?id=4V12AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA74.
- ↑ Serial No. J-103-64. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 25 Desember 1995. pp. 24. ISBN 01-6-046946-5. https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-CHRG-BREYER/pdf/GPO-CHRG-BREYER.pdf.
- ↑ "Inaugural D.C. French Festival launches sans the Freedom Fries". Washington Life Magazine. October 12, 2006. Diakses tanggal 5 Mai 2020.
- ↑ Thierer, Adam (December 21, 2010) Who'll Really Benefit from Net Neutrality Regulation?, CBS News
- ↑ The dilemmas of risk regulation – Breaking the Vicious Circle by Stephen Breyer, by Sheila Jasanoff. Issues in Science and Technology, Spring 1994.
- ↑ "Tulane Law School - Study Abroad". Law.tulane.edu. June 16, 2011. Diakses tanggal 5 Mai 2020.
- ↑ "Sharp Questions for Judge Breyer". The New York Times. July 10, 2004. Diakses tanggal 5 Mai 2020.
- ↑ Berke, Richard (June 15, 1993). "The Overview; Clinton Names Ruth Ginsburg, Advocate for Women, to Court". The New York Times.
- ↑ Lithwick, Dalia (December 6, 2006). "Justice Grover Versus Justice Oscar". Slate. Diakses tanggal 28 Mai 2020.
- ↑ "Justice Breyer Favors 'Less Literal' Readings". newsmax.com. February 9, 2006. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal May 27, 2012. Diakses tanggal 28 Mai 2020.
- ↑ Sunstein, Cass R. (May 2006). "Justice Breyer's Democratic Pragmatism" (PDF). The Yale Law Journal. 115 (7): 1719–1743. doi:10.2307/20455667. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal July 4, 2017.
Pautan lua
suntiang| Cari tau tantang Stephen Breyer di proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnyo: | |
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Gambar dan media dari WikiCommons |
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Kutipan dari Wikiquote |
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Teks sumber dari Wikisource |
- Issue positions and quotes at OnTheIssues
- Panampilan di C-SPAN
- Review of Stephen Breyer's Active Liberty: Interpreting our Democratic Constitution Archived 2020-07-12 di Wayback Machine.
- 'Stephen Breyer, the court's necromancer' Archived 2007-03-12 di Wayback Machine., a book review of Active Liberty: Interpreting Our Democratic Constitution in the New English Review
- "'Active Liberty' from Justice Stephen Breyer", October 20, 2005 NPR's Fresh Air
- "Supreme Court Justice Breyer on 'Active Liberty'" Part 1 of Interview, September 29, 2005 NPR's Morning Edition
- "Justice Breyer: The Case Against 'Originalists'" Part 2 of Interview, September 30, 2005 NPR's Morning Edition
- Justice Breyer's appearance on NPR's quiz show Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me, March 24, 2007
- WGBH Forum Network: one and a half hours with US Supreme Court Justice of Law Stephen Breyer, September 8, 2003. Description (archived) | Video.
- Supreme Court Associate Justice Nomination Hearings on Stephen Gerald Breyer in July 1994 United States Government Publishing Office