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Panyitaaan harato bando Gareja Ortodoks Rusia 1922

Panyitaan parhiasan dari gareja-gareja di Rusia pado tahun 1922 dilakuan dek pamarentah Bolshevik untuak mamarangi wabah kalaparan pado tahun 1921–1922 di Rusia. [1]

Monumen iko balokasi di alun-alun Shuya, tepeknyo di muko Katedral Kebangkitan Kristus. Dibuek untuak mangana urang-urang nan tabunuah salamo parlawanan panyitaan parhiasan jo harato bando dari gareja untuak mambantu urang-urang nan kalaparan.

Panyitaan iko manimbulkan parlawanan dek masuaknyo barang-barang nan diparuntuakan khusus untuak kaparaluan liturgi. Salain itu babarapo pandeta ikuik sato mangorganisasi parlawanan tarhadap panyitaan pariasan gareja.

Latar balakang

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Pamarentah Soviet mangaluaran Dekret Pamisahan Gareja dari Nagara Bagian jo Sakolah dari Gareja pado 5 Februari 1918. Isinyo manyaikan bahasonyo sadoalah properti nan ada pado Gareja Ortodoks Rusia jo organisasi kaagamoan lainnyo akan disita untuak nagara kacuali bangunan jo bando nan digunoan sacaro khusus untuak kaparaluan liturgi. Bangunan jo bando nan tamasuak dalam liturgi tersebut masih dapek digunoan malalui katatapan khusus dari pamarentah lokal atau pusek.[2][3]

Kaputusan iko mambuek babagai pihak indak pueh sahinggo mangakibaikan sakalompok urang mancubo malakuan parlawanan katiko babarapo pawakilan nagara akan mandaftaran properti gareja jo biaro. Parlawanan tasabuik babuntuik jo sabuah pasidangan.[4]

Tanggal 23 Februari 1922, Komite Eksekutif Pusat Seluruh Rusia mangeluaaan dekrit "Tantang Panyitaan Parhiasan Gareja" [5] nan mamarentahan agar pamarentah satampek maambiak sado bando bahargo nan ada di gareja-gareja untuak kudian dikiriman ka Central Fund for the Relief of the Starving.

Saurang pandeto nan banamo Patriark Tikhon ikuik sato maalangi kagiatan panyitaan tersebut.[6][7] Ia mangeluarkan seruan pado 28 Februari 1922[8] Inyo mangaluaan parnyataan nan isinyo antara lain adaloh malarang panyitaan bando-bando suci jo manyabuik tindakan iko sabagai pancurian bando-bandosuci. Untuak mampakuek pandapeknyo, Patriark marujuak pado 73 kanon para rasul [9] sarato 10 kanon Dewan Protodeutera. [10] [11] [12]

Akibaik

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Akibaik dari pasannyo tersebut mako tajadi kisruah antaro parwakilan pamarentah jo umat Kristiani. [13] Kisruah basanjato paliang tanamo tajadi di Shuya. Di sinan sakalompok urang jo basanjatoan kayu bausaho manalangi parwakilan pamarentah nan ka marabuik parhiasan gareja. Akibaik dari paristiwa tersebut, Patriark Tikhon jo pangikuiknyo disidang. [14]

Panyitaan harato gareja Gareja Ortodoks Rusia salasai pado 26 Mei 1922.

The New York Times malaporan bahasonyo sabanyak salapan imam, duo urang awam jo ciek padusi dijatuhi hukuman mati di Moskow pado 8 Mei 1922 akibaik manolak panyitaan tersebut.[15]

Catatan

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  1. ↑ Православие: Словарь атеиста / Под ред. Н. С. Гордиенко. — М.: Политиздат, 1988. — 270[2] с.; 17 см.; ISBN 5-250-00079-7 : / Стр. 89
  2. ↑ Декрет СНК РСФСР от 23 January 1918 Об отделении церкви от государства и школы от церкви
  3. ↑ Православие: Словарь атеиста / Под ред. Н. С. Гордиенко. — М.: Политиздат, 1988. — 270[2] с.; 17 см.; ISBN 5-250-00079-7 : / Стр. 89
  4. ↑ Следственное дело Патриарха Тихона : Сб. док. по материалам Центр. архива ФСБ РФ. - М. : Правосл. Св.-Тихон. Богосл. ин-т, 2000. - 1015 с., (16) л. ил., портр. : ил., портр.; 25 см. - (Материалы по новейшей истории Русской Православной церкви / Правосл. Св.-Тихон. Богосл. ин-т; Ред. кол.: Протоиерей Владимир Воробьев (гл. ред.) и др.).; С. 86 ISBN 5-88451-086-1
  5. ↑ Одинцов, Михаил Иванович. / «Русские патриархи ХХ века. Судьбы Отечества и Церкви на страницах архивных документов». Москва. Издательство РАГС. 1999. Стр. 59-60 Постановление ВЦИК об изъятии церковных ценностей. 23 февраля 1922 г. Archived 2017-11-15 di Wayback Machine.; ISBN 5-7729-0039-0
  6. ↑ Православие: Словарь атеиста / Под ред. Н. С. Гордиенко. — М.: Политиздат, 1988. — 270[2] с.; 17 см.; ISBN 5-250-00079-7 : / Стр. 240
  7. ↑ Атеистический словарь / [Абдусамедов А. И., Алейник Р. М., Алиева Б. А. и др. ; под общ. ред. М. П. Новикова]. - 2-е изд., испр. и доп. - Москва : Политиздат, 1985. - 512 с.; 20 см / С. 446
  8. ↑ Следственное дело Патриарха Тихона : Сб. док. по материалам Центр. архива ФСБ РФ. - М. : Правосл. Св.-Тихон. Богосл. ин-т, 2000. - 1015 с., (16) л. ил., портр. : ил., портр.; 25 см. - (Материалы по новейшей истории Русской Православной церкви / Правосл. Св.-Тихон. Богосл. ин-т; Ред. кол.: Протоиерей Владимир Воробьев (гл. ред.) и др.).; С. 142 ISBN 5-88451-086-1
  9. ↑ Canon LXXIII: «Let no one convert to his own use any vessel of gold or silver, or any veil which has been sanctified, for it is contrary to law; and if anyone be detected doing so, let him be excommunicated». – The Canons of the Holy and Altogether August Apostles
  10. ↑ Canon 10: Those who appear to be victims of their own passions not only do not shudder at the thought of the punishment provided by the sacred Canons, but have actually dared to laugh them to scorn. For they distort themselves, and in conformity with their venomous nature they forge their will awry; in order that thanks to the magnanimity of their venom, according to St. Gregory the Theologian, not only may the evil be kept from affecting their responsibility, but may even be thought something divine. For this holds true in the case of the Apostolic Canon which says that no one shall appropriate any golden or silver vessel that has been sanctified, or any piece of cloth, to his own use. For that would be unlawful. If anyone be caught doing so, let him be disciplined with excommunication. Taking this Canon to be in effect an advocacy of their own unlawful deeds, they allege that one must not deem those man worthy of deposition who employ the venerable tablecloth of the Holy Table to make a tunic for themselves or reshape it into any other vestment. Not only so, but not even those who employ the holy chalice. Oh, what impiety! or the venerable paten; or things akin to these, because they expend them for needs of their own, or defile them outright. For the Canon says that those who become guilty of this are to be punished with excommunication, but has made no one liable to deposition for such an act. But who would tolerate the magnitude of any such parversion and impiety? For notwithstanding that the Canon inflicts excommunication upon those who marely use what is sanctified, but do not appropriate it to the extent of purloining it entirely, they, on the other hand, exempt from deposition those who plunder and sacrilege the equipment of the Holies of Holies, and as for those who pollute the venerable patens or sacred cups by putting them into use for the serving of food, so far at any rate as they rely upon their own judgment, they rank them as undeposed, notwithstanding that the contamination has become apparent to all, and it is plain that those who do such things not only incur liability to deposition from office, but even become subject to charges of committing the worst kind of ungodliness. Wherefore the holy Council has decreed that (those who purloin for their own profit, or who misuse for some unsacred purpose, in general any one of the sacred and holy vessels or utensils in the sacrificial altar, or of the vestments, or the holy chalice, or the paten, or the tongs, or the venerable tablecloth, and the so-called “air”),i are to be compelled to undergo total and complete deposition. For one charge is that of having profaned, and the other charge is that of having plundered the holies. As touching those, however, who convert to an unsacred use for themselves, or bestow upon another parson, consecrated vessels or vestments outside of the sacrificial altar, the Canon excommunicates them and we join in excommunicating them. But as for those who utterly purloin them and take them away we make them liable to condemnation as sacrilegists. – The Canons of the Eastern Orthodox Church. The so called First-Second Council – 861. Archived 2020-11-11 di Wayback Machine.
  11. ↑ Послание свт. Тихона Патриарха Московского 15/28 февр. 1922
  12. ↑ Следственное дело Патриарха Тихона : Сб. док. по материалам Центр. архива ФСБ РФ. - М. : Правосл. Св.-Тихон. Богосл. ин-т, 2000. - 1015 с., (16) л. ил., портр. : ил., портр.; 25 см. - (Материалы по новейшей истории Русской Православной церкви / Правосл. Св.-Тихон. Богосл. ин-т; Ред. кол.: Протоиерей Владимир Воробьев (гл. ред.) и др.).; С. 114 ISBN 5-88451-086-1
  13. ↑ Русское православие: вехи истории / Я. Н. Щапов, А. М. Сахаров, А. А. Зимин и др.; Науч. ред., глава авт. коллектива, авт. вступ. ст. и послесл. А. И. Клибанов. - М. : Политиздат, 1989. - 719,(1) с. : ил.; 21 см. / Стр. 621; ISBN 5-250-00246-3 (В пер.) :
  14. ↑ Следственное дело Патриарха Тихона : Сб. док. по материалам Центр. архива ФСБ РФ. - М. : Правосл. Св.-Тихон. Богосл. ин-т, 2000. - 1015 с., (16) л. ил., портр. : ил., портр.; 25 см. - (Материалы по новейшей истории Русской Православной церкви / Правосл. Св.-Тихон. Богосл. ин-т; Ред. кол.: Протоиерей Владимир Воробьев (гл. ред.) и др.).; С. 129 ISBN 5-88451-086-1
  15. ↑ EIGHT RUSSIAN PRIESTS SENTENCED TO DEATH NyTimes.com

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