Kantang

Kantang (Solanum tuberosum L.) adolah tanaman dari suku Solanaceae nan punyo umbi batang nan bisa dimakan dan disabuik "kantang" pulo. Umbi kantang kini ko alah manjadi makanan pokok pantiang di Eropa walaupun awalnyo badatangan dari Amerika Selatan.

Kantang
Solanum tuberosum
kantang nan bajua di pasa
Data
Sumber dari	kentang (id) jo Tepung kentang (id)
Tumbuahan
Jenis buah	Buah beri
Taksonomi
Divisi	Tracheophytes
Subdivisi	Spermatophytes
Klad	Angiosperms
Klad	mesangiosperms
Klad	eudicots
Klad	core eudicots
Klad	asterids
Klad	lamiids
Ordo	Solanales
Famili	Solanaceae
Subfamili	Solanoideae
Tribus	Solaneae
Genus	Solanum
Spesies	Solanum tuberosum Linnaeus, 1753
Media: Kantang Media: Kantang

Panjalajah dari Spanyol jo Portugis partamo kali mambawok ka Eropa dan mangambangkbiakkannyo disinan.

Tanaman ko mulonyo barasa dari Amerika Selatan dan alah dibudidayakan dek urang di sinan sajak ribuan tahun nan lampau. Tanaman ko tamasuak herba (tanaman pendek indak bakayu) samusim dan suko jo iklim sajuak. Di daerah tropis cocok bana ditanam di dataran tinggi.

Bungonyo nan samparono tasusun majemuk. Ukurannyo cukuik gadang, diameter kiro-kiro 3 cm. Warnanyo antaro ungu hinggo putiah.

Panyebaran

Manuruik tambonyo, kantang ko asanyo dari lembah-lembah dataran tinggi di Chili, Peru, jo Meksiko. Jinih iko dipakenalkan dek urang Spanyol dari Peru ka Eropa sajak tahun 1565. Samanjak itulah, kantang pai ka negri-negri lain tamasuak Indonesia. Manuruik catatan awal di Indonesia, tumbuhan ko alah ado samanjak tahun 1794, partamo pananamannyo di sakitaran Cimahi. Samanjak itulah, kantang ko basarobok di Priangan jo Gunung Tengger. Pado tahun 1812, kantang alah dikenal jo dijua di Kedu. Sadangkan di Sumatra tanaman ko dikenal satahun sabalumnyo, 1811. Kantang tumbuah di pagunuanggan nan katinggiannyo antaro 1000 mdpl hinggo 2000 mdpl, pado tanah humus. Tanah bakeh latuihan gunuang marapi nan bastruktur remah labiah ancak.

Manfaaik jo racun

Kantang disabuik juo dek urang sabagai makanan pokok di lua negri. Iko karano maganduang karbohidrat. Di Indonesia ko, kantang masih dianggap sabagai makanan nan mewah. Nan dek itu juo, kantang adolah makanan nan lamak jo banutrisi. Juo dikenal manganduang sajumlah vitamin dari A, B-kompleks, hinggo C, hinggo asam folat. Juo mineral, protein, karbohidrat, karotenoid, dan polifenol. Dalam tubuah kantang ko, ado zat solanin nan dikenal sabagai ubek pananang, antikajang, antijamur, jo pestisida. Vitamin C nan takanduang di kantang satiok 100 g adolah 17 mg. Salain tu takanduang karbohidrat jo serat, mineral nan ala ado antaronyo zat besi, fosfor, jo kalium. Kompresan aia kantang dikenal sangaik mambantu maubek'i luko di kulik, talabiah di negri miskin nan sulik cangkok kulik (skin graft). Namun bak itu, katiko kantang kanai cahayo, kantang dapek sajo mambuek glikoalkaloid nan dinamoan solanin secaro balabiah, sahinggo bahayo untuak dikonsumsi. Bahayo nan dapek tajadi iolah taganggunyo sistem saraf, tabaka tenggorokan, sakik kapalo, paralisis/lumpuah tungkai, jo badan mandingin. Apobilo dosis alah 3–6 mg. akibaiknyo bisa fatal. Paubek nan bisa dilakuan iolah ma'agiah arang aktif/norit, cuci lambung, dan diagiah cairan infus. Sebab tu, untuak pancegahan tajadinyo solanin pado kantang nan ka di makan tu, labiah elok kantang di latakan di tampek nan galok. Mamasak solanin di suhu tinggi, dapek mahancuaan sabagian solanin. Selain tu, jan mamakan kantang nan alah bakacambah jo bawarna ijau di bagian bawah kulik, karano alkaloid solaninnyo alah tinggi sarato sangaik baracun bana.

Kantang di pasa

Bamacam-macam umbi kantang di pasa

Di pasa-pasa jo di balai-balai, kantang dipisah-pisahan menuruik ukurannyo dan dinamokan kualitas A, B, C, dan D. Kualitas A iolah nan tabaiak. Panyabuikan 'kantang kualitas AB' bararti campuran dari kualitas A jo B.

Liek pulo

• Kantang itam (kantang kleci)

Pautan lua

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Lanjuik Mambaco

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  • Africa: Cameroon, Ethiopia, Kenya
  • Eurasia: Armenia, Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Tajikistan
  • 38 others as brief "archive" chapters
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