Bahaso Turki Utsmaniyah
Bahaso Turki Utsmaniyah adolah daftar standar bahaso Turki di Kasultanan Utsmaniyah. Iko maminjam sacaro laweh, dalam sagalo aspek, dari bahaso Arab jo Persia. Bahaso ko ditulih dalam alfabet Turki Utsmaniyah. Bahaso iko sabagian gadang indak dapek dipahami dek masyarakat kelas bawah nan bapandidikan randah jo masyarakat pakampuangan, nan manggunoan bahaso Turki biaso.[1] Di era Tanzimât (1839–1876) panggunoan istilah “Utsmaniyah” marujuak ka bahaso ko digunoan;[2] bahaso Turki moderen manggunoan istilah nan samo katiko mangacu pado bahaso wakatu itu. Sacaro labiah umum, bahaso Turki disabuik Türkçe atau Türkî.
Struktur
suntiangTurki Utsmaniyah sangaik dipangaruahi dek bahaso Arab jo Persia. Kato-kato Arab jo Persia dalam bahaso ko mancakuik hinggo 88% kosakatanyo.[3] Takah di sabagian gadang bahaso Turki jo bahaso asiang komunitas Islam lainnyo, pinjaman bahaso Arab dipinjam malalui bahaso Persia, bukan malalui paparan lansuang bahaso Turki Utsmaniyah ka bahaso Arab, sabuah fakta nan dibuktian dek mutasi fonologis khas Persia pado kato-kato nan baasa dari bahaso Arab.[4][5][6]
Palestarian ciri-ciri fonologis kuno dari pinjaman bahaso Arab labiah lanjuik manunjuakan bahwa bahaso Persia nan digabuangan jo bahaso Arab diserap ka dalam bahaso Turki pra-Utsmaniyah pado tahap awal, katiko panutuanyo masih balokasi di timur laut Persia, sabalum migrasi suku-suku Turki Islam ka arah barat. Argumen tambahan untuak hal iko iolah bahwa bahaso Turki Utsmaniyah mampunyoi karakter Persia dalam bahaso Arab nan dipinjamnyo jo bahaso Turki lainnyo nan bahkan labiah saketek bainteraksi jo bahaso Arab, takah Tatar, Bashkir, jo Uyghur. Sajak maso awal Kasultanan Utsmaniyah, pinjaman dari bahaso Arab jo Persia baitu malimpah sahinggo kato-kato asli Turki payah disobokan. Di Utsmaniyah, urang mungkin manyobokan kasadoan bagian dalam bahaso Arab jo Persia dimasuakan ka dalam teks. Namun iko indak sajo maminjam kato-kato sacaro ekstensif, namun juo banyak sistem tata bahaso Persia jo Arab.[7]
Rujuakan
suntiang- ↑ Glenny, Misha (2001). The Balkans — Nationalism, War, and the Great Powers, 1804–1999. Penguin. p. 99.
- ↑ Kerslake, Celia (1998). "Ottoman Turkish". Turkic Languages. New York: Routledge. p. 108. ISBN 0415082005.
- ↑ Bertold Spuler. Persian Historiography & Geography Pustaka Nasional Pte Ltd ISBN 9971774887 p 69
- ↑ Percy Ellen Algernon Frederick William Smythe Strangford, Percy Clinton Sydney Smythe Strangford, Emily Anne Beaufort Smythe Strangford, "Original Letters and Papers of the late Viscount Strangford upon Philological and Kindred Subjects", Published by Trübner, 1878. pg 46: "The Arabic words in Turkish have all decidedly come through a Persian channel. I can hardly think of an exception, except in quite late days, when Arabic words have been used in Turkish in a different sense from that borne by them in Persian."
- ↑ M. Sukru Hanioglu, "A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire", Published by Princeton University Press, 2008. p. 34: "It employed a predominant Turkish syntax, but was heavily influenced by Persian and (initially through Persian) Arabic.
- ↑ Pierre A. MacKay, "The Fountain at Hadji Mustapha", Hesperia, Vol. 36, No. 2 (Apr. – Jun., 1967), pp. 193–195: "The immense Arabic contribution to the lexicon of Ottoman Turkish came rather through Persian than directly, and the sound of Arabic words in Persian syntax would be far more familiar to a Turkish ear than correct Arabic".
- ↑ Korkut Bugday. An Introduction to Literary Ottoman Routledge, 5 dec. 2014 ISBN 978-1134006557 p XV.