|
== Budayo ==
[[File:Keong Emas.jpg|left|thumb|The Golden Snail (''Keong Emas)'', establisheddibuek inpado the1970 1970sdek duringpamarentahan theOrde NewBaru, Orderadolah era, issabuah anteater IMAX theatrenan locatedtalatak indi [[Taman Mini Indonesia Indah]], East Jakarta Timur.]]
AsSabagai theibu economickota andekonomi politicaljo capital ofpolitik Indonesia, Jakarta attractsalah manymanarik domesticbanyak immigrantsimigran whodomestik bringnan theirmambao variousmasuak languagesbahaso, dialectsdialek, foodsmakanan andjo customsadaik nan balain-lain pulo.
[[Urang Betawi]] (''Orang Betawi'', atau "warga Batavia") adoah katurunan urang-urang nan tingga di dalam dan sakita Batavia lamo dan diakui sabagai sabuah suku banso nan barasa dari abaik ka-18 inggo ka-19. Urang Betawi kabanyakannyo adolah katurunan dari suku-suku banso Asia Tenggara nan tibo di Batavia untuak mamanuahi kaparaluan buruah kasa, tamasuak urang-urang dari palosok Indonesia.<ref name="Knorr"/> [[Bahaso Betawi|Bahaso]] jo budayo Betawi hampia samo jo bahaso nan dipakai dek [[urang Sunda]] atau [[urang Jawa]]. Bahaso ko kabanyakan badasa pado [[bahaso Malayu Kuno]] dialek timua dan dipakayo dek kato-kato pinjaman dari bahaso Balando, Portugih, Sunda, Jawa, Cino jo Arab. Kini, dialek Jakarta (''bahasa Jakarta''), dipakai sacarao laweh dek urang-urang Jakarta, dan kabanyakannyo badasa pado bahaso Betawi nan dimodernkan.
The "[[Betawi people|Betawi]]" (''Orang Betawi'', or "people of Batavia") are the descendants of the people living in and around [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]] and recognized as an ethnic group from around the 18th–19th century. The Betawi people are mostly descended from various Southeast-Asian ethnic groups brought or attracted to Batavia to meet labor needs, and include people from different parts of [[Indonesia]].<ref>The Betawi – due to their diverse origins – play a major role concerning ethnic and national identity in contemporary Jakarta; see Knörr, Jacqueline: ''Kreolität und postkoloniale Gesellschaft. Integration und Differenzierung in Jakarta'', Campus Verlag: Frankfurt a.M. & New York, 2007, ISBN 978-3-593-38344-6</ref> The [[Betawi language|language]] and Betawi culture are distinct from those of the [[Sundanese people|Sundanese]] or [[Javanese people|Javanese]], forming itself as a [[language island]] in the surrounding area. The language is mostly based on the East [[Old Malay|Malay]] dialect and enriched by [[loan word]]s from Dutch, Portuguese, Sundanese, Javanese, Chinese, and Arabic. Nowadays, the Jakarta dialect (Bahasa Jakarta), used as a street language by people in Jakarta, is loosely based on the [[Betawi language]].
Betawi arts have a low profile in Jakarta, and most Betawi have moved to the suburbs of Jakarta, displaced by new migrants. It is easier to find Java- or Minang-based wedding ceremonies rather than Betawi weddings in Jakarta.
It is easier to find Javanese Gamelan instead of ''Gambang Kromong'' (a mixture between Betawi and Chinese music) or ''Tanjidor'' (a mixture between Betawi and Portuguese music) or ''Marawis'' (a mixture between Betawi and Yaman music). However, some festivals such as the ''Jalan Jaksa Festival'' or ''Kemang Festival'' include efforts to preserve Betawi arts by inviting artists to give performances.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Knörr |first=Jacqueline |title=Kreolität und postkoloniale Gesellschaft. Integration und Differenzierung in Jakarta |publisher=Campus Verlag |location=Frankfurt |year=2007 |isbn=978-3-593-38344-6}}</ref>
Kasanian Betawi indak talalu populer di Jakarta, karano banyak urang Betawi alah bapindah ka pinggiran kota, digantian dek imigran-imigran. Kini di Jakarta labiah mudah untuak manamuan upacaro baralek baadaik Jawa atau Minang dibandiang baralek baadaik Betawi di Jakarta. Labiah mudah untuak manamuan [[gamelan]] asa Jawa dibandiang ''[[gambang kromong]]'', sajinih musik nan mancampua budayo Betawi jo Cino, atau ''[[tanjidor]]'', campuran musik Betawi jo Portugih, atau juo ''[[marawis]]'', campuran musik Betawi jo Arab. Walau baitu, babarapo festival saroman Festival Jalan Jaksa atau Festival Kemang kini alah bausao untuak manampilan dan malestarikan budayo-budayo Betawi, jo caro mangundang artis-artis tradisional untuak tampil.<ref name="Knorr">{{Cite book|last=Knörr |first=Jacqueline |title=Kreolität und postkoloniale Gesellschaft. Integration und Differenzierung in Jakarta |publisher=Campus Verlag |location=Frankfurt |year=2007 |isbn=978-3-593-38344-6}}</ref>
[[File:Festival beach Ancol Jakarta.jpg|right|thumb|Festival Beach in [[Ancol Dreamland]], North Jakarta.]] ▼There has been a significant [[Chinese Indonesian|Chinese]] community in Jakarta for many centuries. The Chinese in Jakarta traditionally reside around old urban areas, such as [[Pinangsia]], [[Pluit]] and [[Glodok]] (Jakarta Chinatown) areas. They also can be found in old [[chinatown]]s of [[Senen]] and [[Jatinegara]]. Officially, they make up 6% of the Jakartan population, although this number may be under-reported.<ref name='BBC'>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4312805.stm |title=Chinese diaspora: Indonesia |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |author=Johnston, Tim |date=3 March 2005}}</ref> Chinese culture also had influenced Betawi culture, such as the popularity of Chinese cakes and sweets, [[firecracker]]s, to Betawi wedding attire that demonstrates Chinese and Arab influences.
▲[[File:Festival beach Ancol Jakarta.jpg|right|thumb| Pantai Festival Beach indi [[ AncolTaman DreamlandImpian Jaya Ancol]], North Jakarta Utara.]]
Jakarta has several performing art centres, such as the classical concert hall Aula Simfonia Jakarta in Kemayoran, [[Taman Ismail Marzuki]] (TIM) art centre in Cikini, [[Gedung Kesenian Jakarta]] near Pasar Baru, Balai Sarbini in Plaza Semanggi area, [[Bentara Budaya Jakarta]] in Palmerah area, ''Pasar Seni'' (Art Market) in [[Ancol Dreamland|Ancol]], and traditional Indonesian art performances at the pavilions of some provinces in [[Taman Mini Indonesia Indah]]. Traditional music is often found at high-class hotels, including [[Wayang]] and [[Gamelan]] performances. Javanese [[Wayang#Wayang topeng or wayang gedog or wayang wong|Wayang Orang]] performances can be found at Wayang Orang Bharata theater near Senen bus terminal. As the nation's largest city and capital, Jakarta has lured much national and regional talent who hope to find a greater audience and more opportunities for success.
Sajak baabaik-abaik nan lampau, alah ado komunitas [[Cino Indonesia]] di Jakarta. Urang Cino di Indonesia sacaro tradisional tingga di sakita daerah parumahan lamo, sarupo [[Pinangsia]], [[Pluit]] atau [[Glodok]]. Komunitas ko juo dapek ditamui di area [[Chinatown]] di [[Senen]] jo [[Jatinegara]]. Ado kurang labiah 6% urang Cino di Jakarta.<ref name='BBC'>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4312805.stm |title=Chinese diaspora: Indonesia |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |author=Johnston, Tim |date=3 March 2005}}</ref> Budayo Cino alah juo mampangaruahi budayo Betawi, saroman tanamonyo kue jo manisan Cino, [[kambang api]], inggo baralek baadaik Betawi nan manampilan pangaruah budayo Cino jo Arab.
Jakarta punyo banyak pusek kasanian, sarupo tampek konser klasik Aula Simfonia Jakarta di Kemayoran, [[Taman Ismail Marzuki]] (TIM) di Cikini, [[Gedung Kesenian Jakarta]] dakek Pasar Baru, Balai Sarbini di daerah Plaza Semanggi, [[Bentara Budaya Jakarta]] di Palmerah, ''Pasar Seni'' di [[Ancol]], jo panampilan kasanian tradisional Indonesia di paviliun-paviliun sajumlah provinsi nan talatak di daerah [[Taman Mini Indonesia Indah]]. Musik tradisional dapek ditamuan di hotel-hotal bintang limo, tamasuak pasambahan [[wayang]] jo gamelan. Pasambahan [[wayang orang]] dari Jawa dapek ditonton di teater Wayang Orang Bharata dakek terminal bus Senen. Sabagai ibu kota dan kota tagadang, Jakarta alah mangasiakan banyak talenta musik nasional.
Jakarta hosts several prestigious art and culture festivals, and exhibitions, such as the annual [[Jakarta International Film Festival]] (JiFFest), [[Jakarta International Java Jazz Festival]], [[Jakarta Fashion Week]], Jakarta Fashion & Food Festival (JFFF), Jakarta Fair, Indonesia Creative Products and Jakarta Arts and Crafts exhibition. Flona Jakarta is a flora-and-fauna exhibition, held annually in August at Lapangan Banteng Park, featuring flowers, plant nurseries, and pets. The [[Jakarta Fair]] is held annually from mid-June to mid-July to celebrate the anniversary of the city and is largely centred around a trade fair. However this month-long fair also features entertainment, including arts and music performances by local bands and musicians.
Jakarta adolah tuan rumah dari babarapo festival atau pameranbudayo jo kasanian nan prestisius, sarupo [[Jakarta International Film Festival]] (JiFFest), [[Jakarta International Java Jazz Festival]], [[Jakarta Fashion Week]], Jakarta Fashion & Food Festival (JFFF), Jakarta Fair,jo Indonesia Creative Products. Jakarta Arts and Crafts Flona Jakarta adolah pameran flora jo fauna nan diadoan sakali sataun di taman [[Lapangan Banteng]], mamamerkan bungo-bungoan, tumbuah-tumbuahan, caro parawatan tanaman jo hewan paliaroan. [[Jakarta Fair]] diadoan sakali sataun dari patangahan Juni inggo patangahan Juli untuak marayoan ulang tahun provinsi ko dan sabagian gadang tapusek untuak kagiatan padagangan. Walau baitu, pameran ko juo manampilan hiburan jo kasanian, tamasuak patunjuakan budayo dan lagu-lagu nan dibaokan dek grup musik lokal.
Several foreign art and culture centres are also established in Jakarta, and mainly serve to promote culture and language through learning centres, libraries, and art galleries. Among these foreign art and cultural centres are [[China]] [[Confucius Institute]], [[Netherlands]] Erasmus Huis, UK [[British Council]], France Centre Culturel Français, Germany [[Goethe-Institut]], [[Japan Foundation]], and the [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] [[India]]n Cultural Centre.
==Catatan==
|
