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'''Mazhab''' ({{lang-ar|مذهب}} ''{{transl|ar|DIN|madzhab}}'', {{IPA-ar|ˈmaðhab|IPA}}, "caro pandang"; pl. {{lang|ar|مذاهب}} ''{{transl|ar|DIN|madzāhib}}'', {{IPA-ar|maˈðaːhɪb|}}) adolah panggolongan caro pikia, pandapek, atau metode nan dipakai dalam marumuskan hukum [[Islam]]. Mazhab barado satingkek dibawah firkah (''firqah;'' aliran, sekte, atau denominasi).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-major-branches-of-islam.html|title=The Major Branches Of Islam|newspaper=WorldAtlas|language=en|access-date=2018-09-28}}</ref> Istilah ko dapek marujuak ka baragam disiplin ilimu nan mampunyoi pandapek nan babeda. Dalam Islam, paliang indak dipakai dalam tigo hal, yaitu mazhab akidah atau teologi (''madzahib i'tiqadiyyah''), mazhab politik (''madzahib siyasiyah''), jo mazhab [[Fiqh|fiqih]] (''madzahib fiqhiyyah'').<ref name="Marzuq2015">{{cite book|author=Jauhar Ridloni Marzuq|title=Inilah Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yE5JDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA173|date=13 August 2015|publisher=Elex Media Komputindo|isbn=978-602-02-6706-7|pages=173–}}</ref> Sabuah jalan pikia dapek dikatokan sabagai sabuah mazhab kok alah mampunyoi ciri khas nan dibantuak malalui proses panjang hinggo tabantuaktacapai saparangkek prinsip jo kaidah nan manjadi padoman nan jaleh batasan-batasannyo. Umumnyo mazhab marujuak pado tokoh [[alim ulama]] nan manaruko jalan pikianyo.<ref name="mediamuslim">{{cite web|url=http://www.mediamuslim.info/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=542&Itemid=13|title=Apa Itu Madzhab Fiqih?}} Dari website www.MediaMuslim.info. Sumber rujukan: ''Al Madkhal Ila Dirasatil Madarisi Wal Madzahibil Fiqhiyyah'', oleh DR. Umar Sulaiman Al Asyqar</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://emir.co.id/pengertian-mazhab-dan-perkembangannya/|title=Pengertian Mazhab Dan Perkembangannya|date=2020-04-14|website=Emir|language=en-US|access-date=2020-08-09}}</ref>
 
Dalam satiok aliran dalam Islam dapek mampunyoi mazhabnyo surang nan babeda-beda. Pado aliran dalam Islam nan paliang gadang, [[Sunni]], ado ampek mazhab gadang yaitu [[Mazhab Hanafi|Hanafi]], [[Mazhab Maliki|Maliki]], [[Mazhab Syafi'i|Syafii]], jo [[Mazhab Hambali|Hambali]].<ref name="rabb">{{cite encyclopedia|ref=harv|first=Intisar A.|last=Rabb|title=Fiqh|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=[[John L. Esposito]]|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=Oxford|year=2009|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001|isbn=9780195305135}}
</ref> Bakasinambungan muncua sajak mulo abaik kasambilan masehi dan mulai batua-batua tagak sabagai mazhab nan babeda pado abaik ka-12 masehi.<ref name="hussin">{{cite encyclopedia|ref=harv|first=Iza|last=Hussin|title=Sunni Schools of Jurisprudence|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics|publisher=Oxford University Press|editor=Emad El-Din Shahin|year=2014|doi=10.1093/acref:oiso/9780199739356.001.0001|isbn=9780199739356}}</ref><ref name="rabb" /> Pado umumnyo, satiok mazhab ko mampunyoi wilayah sebanyo surang. Samantaro dalam aliran [[Syiah]], ado tigo mazhab gadang, yaitu Imam Duobaleh, Zaidi, jo Ismaili nan amaiksangaik babeda dari mazhab nan ado dalam Sunni.<ref name="calder">{{cite encyclopedia|ref=harv|first=Norman|last=Calder|title=Law. Legal Thought and Jurisprudence|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0473}}</ref><ref name="vikor">{{cite encyclopedia|ref=harv|first=Knut S.|last=Vikør|title=Sharīʿah|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics|publisher=Oxford University Press|editor=[[Emad El-Din Shahin]]|year=2014|url=http://bridgingcultures.neh.gov/muslimjourneys/items/show/226|accessdate=3 September 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202054116/http://bridgingcultures.neh.gov/muslimjourneys/items/show/226#|archivedate=2 February 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Santano [[Ibadi]], marupokan aliran nan juo mazhab tapisah dari Sunni jo Syiah.<ref name="rabb" />
A '''''{{transl|ar|ALA|madhhab}}''''' ({{lang-ar|مذهب}} ''{{transl|ar|DIN|maḏhab}}'', {{IPA-ar|ˈmaðhab|IPA}}, "way to act"; pl. {{lang|ar|مذاهب}} ''{{transl|ar|DIN|maḏāhib}}'', {{IPA-ar|maˈðaːhɪb|}}) is a school of thought within ''[[fiqh]]'' (Islamic [[jurisprudence]]).
 
The major [[Sunni]] madhhabs are [[Hanafi]], [[Maliki]], [[Shafi'i]] and [[Hanbali]]. They emerged in the ninth and tenth centuries CE and by the twelfth century almost all jurists aligned themselves with a particular madhhab. These four schools recognize each other's validity and they have interacted in legal debate over the centuries.<ref name="hussin" /> Rulings of these schools are followed across the Muslim world without exclusive regional restrictions, but they each came to dominate in different parts of the world.<ref name="hussin" /><ref name="rabb" /> For example, the Maliki school is predominant in North and West Africa; the Hanafi school in South and Central Asia; the Shafi'i school in East Africa and Southeast Asia; and the Hanbali school in North and Central Arabia.<ref name="hussin" /><ref name="rabb" /><ref name="vikor">{{cite encyclopedia |ref=harv |first=Knut S. |last=Vikør |title=Sharīʿah |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics |publisher=Oxford University Press |editor=[[Emad El-Din Shahin]] |year=2014 |url=http://bridgingcultures.neh.gov/muslimjourneys/items/show/226 |accessdate=3 September 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202054116/http://bridgingcultures.neh.gov/muslimjourneys/items/show/226# |archivedate=2 February 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The first centuries of Islam also witnessed a number of short-lived Sunni madhhabs.<ref name="calder">{{cite encyclopedia |ref=harv |first=Norman |last=Calder |title=Law. Legal Thought and Jurisprudence |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |editor=John L. Esposito |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=2009 |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0473}}</ref> The [[Zahiri]] school, which is commonly identified as extinct, continues to exert influence over legal thought.<ref name="calder" /><ref name="rabb" /><ref name="hussin" /> The development of [[Shia]] legal schools occurred along the lines of theological differences and resulted in formation of the [[Twelver]], [[Zaidiyyah|Zaidi]] and [[Ismaili]] madhhabs, whose differences from Sunni legal schools are roughly of the same order as the differences among Sunni schools. The [[Ibadi]] legal school, distinct from Sunni and Shia madhhabs, is predominant in Oman.
 
The transformations of Islamic legal institutions in the modern era have had profound implications for the madhhab system. With the spread of codified state laws in the Muslim world, i.e. [[Mughal India]]'s [[Fatwa Alamgiri]], the influence of the madhhabs beyond personal ritual practice depends on the status accorded to them within the national legal system. State law codification commonly drew on rulings from multiple madhhabs, and legal professionals trained in modern law schools have largely replaced traditional [[ulema]] as interpreters of the resulting laws.<ref name="hussin" /> In the 20th century many Islamic jurists began to assert their intellectual independence from traditional madhhabs.<ref name="messick" />
 
The [[Amman Message]], which was endorsed in 2005 by prominent Islamic scholars around the world, recognized four [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] schools ([[Hanafi]], [[Maliki]], [[Shafi'i]], [[Hanbali]]), two [[Shia Islam|Shia]] schools ([[Ja'fari jurisprudence|Ja'fari]], [[Zaidiyyah|Zaidi]]), the [[Ibadi]] school and the [[Zahiri]] school.<ref>{{cite web|title=Amman Message|url=http://ammanmessage.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15&Itemid=29&limit=1&limitstart=1}}</ref>
 
== Rujuakan ==
{{reflist|2}}{{Islam-stub}}
 
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