Hiosin hidrobromida
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Hiosin hidrobromida atau disabuik juo scopolamin adolah ubek nan dipakai untuak maubek mual jo muntah, baiak dek mabuak di pajalanan atau dek sasudah tindakan operasi.[3] Ubek dipakai juo sabalun tindakan operasi supayo indak banyak liua nan kalua. Ubek ko tasadio dalan bantuak ubek makan, ubek suntik, ataupun ubek tempel. Ubek barefek sasudah 20 minik pamakaian dan batahan inggo 8 jam.[1] Hiosin marupokan ubek golongan antimuskarinik nan bakarajo jo maambek efek asetilkolin dalam sistem saraf.[1]
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| Data klinis | |
|---|---|
| Namo dagang | Transdermscop, Kwells, lainnyo |
| Namo lain | Scopolamine, hyoscinehydrobromide, scopolamine hydrobromide[1] |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| Kategori pado kahamilan | |
| Rute masuak ubek | malalui muluik, tempelan kulik, tetes mato, injeksi subkutan, intramuskular, atau intravena, bawah lidah, rektum, mukosa pipi, intramuscular |
| Kode ATC | |
| Status legal | |
| Status legal | |
| Farmakokinetik data | |
| Metabolisme | Liver |
| Eliminasi wakatu paruah | 4,5 jam[2] |
| Ekskresi | Ginjal |
| Pangenal | |
(–)-(S)-3-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropionic acid (1R,2R,4S,5S,7α,9S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]non-7-yl ester
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| Nomor CAS | |
| PubChem CID | |
| IUPHAR/BPS | |
| DrugBank | |
| ChemSpider | |
| UNII | |
| KEGG | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.083  |
| Data kimia jo fisika | |
| Formula | C17H21NO4 |
| Molar mass | 303,353 g/mol g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
OC[C@H](c1ccccc1)C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@H]3N(C)[C@@H](C2)[C@@H]4O[C@H]34 | |
InChI=1S/C17H21NO4/c1-18-13-7-11(8-14(18)16-15(13)22-16)21-17(20)12(9-19)10-5-3-2-4-6-10/h2-6,11-16,19H,7-9H2,1H3/t11-,12-,13-,14+,15-,16+/m1/s1  Key:STECJAGHUSJQJN-FWXGHANASA-N | |
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Hiosin partamo kali ditamukan pado taun 1881 nan kudian baru dipakai untuak tindakan bius (anestesi) pado kiro-kiro taun 1900-an.[4][5] Ubek ko alah masuak juo dalam daftar ubek wajib jo pantiang manuruik WHO.[6] Ubek ko tabuek dari tumbuahan famili solanaceae nan dulunyo tanamo untuak ubek psikoaktif.[7]
Indikasi
suntiangUbek ko banyak dipakai dalam dunia medis.[8] Dalam tindakan operasi, ubek ko dipakai untuak mangurangi produksi aia liau sainggo indak manutuik saluran angok di tangah tindakan operasi.[9] Di lua tindakan operasi, ubek ko dipakai untuak mailangan raso mual jo muntah.[10][11] Ubek ko baguno pulo untuak maubek usus, ginjal, atau saluran ampadu nan managang nan ditandoi jo raso padiah di area paruik. Salain itu, dapek pulo dipakai untuak maubek paradangan mato.[12]
Kontraindikasi
suntiangUbek ko dikontraindikasikan untuak diagiah ka ibu manganduang. Hiosin dari hasia panalitian dapek malewati plasenta sainggo ubek ko tamasuak ubek kategori C nan aratinyo babahayo untuak janin. Ubek ko anyo buliah diagiah katiko kondisi ibu sadang babahayo. Pado ibu nan manyusui, ubek ko juo kalua malalui aia susu ibu.[13] Panggunoan pado urang nan berumua lanjuik paralu waspada dek efek sampiang ubek ko condong tampak dan dapek barisiko tajadinyo demensia (pikun).[14]
Efek sampiang
suntiangEfek sampiang nan umum muncua adolah raso kantuak, mato kabua, pupil maleba, jo muluik kariang.[1] Ubek ko indak disarankan untuak diagiah pado urang jo glukoma suduik tatutuik ataupun usus tasumbek (bowel ubstruction).[1] Pado kondisi dosis balabiah dapek disatoi jo gangguan irama jantuang, gata, inggo buang aia ketek taambek.[15][16]
Pado kondisi kalabiahan dosis hiosin, pasien dapek diagiah fisostigmin (physostigmine).[17] Fisostigmin marupokan ubek kolinergik nan manjadi antidotum hiosin dek dapek malalui sawar darah utak nan kudian bakarajo untuak maubek depresi sistem saraf pusek.[18] Caro lain untuak maatasi kalabiahan dosis adolah dek tindakan suportif, pambarasiahan lambuang, sarato rangsang muntah.[18]
Rujuakan
suntiang- ↑ a b c d e "Scopolamine". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 7 October 2016. Diakses tanggal 1 April 2020.
- ↑ Putcha L, Cintrón NM, Tsui J, Vanderploeg JM, Kramer WG (June 1989). "Pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of scopolamine in normal subjects". Pharmaceutical Research. 6 (6): 481–5. doi:10.1023/A:1015916423156. PMID 2762223.
- ↑ Juo, Pei-Show (2001). Concise Dictionary of Biomedicine and Molecular Biology. (edisi ke-2nd). Hoboken: CRC Press. p. 570. ISBN 9781420041309. https://books.google.com/books?id=Y4DLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA570.
- ↑ Keys, Thomas E. (1996). The history of surgical anesthesia (edisi ke-[Reprint].). Park Ridge, Ill.: Wood Library, Museum of Anesthesiology. p. 48ff. ISBN 978-0-9614932-7-1. https://www.woodlibrarymuseum.org/library/pdf/W0012.PDF. Diakses pado 1 April 2020.
- ↑ Fischer, Janos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 551. ISBN 9783527607495. https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA551.
- ↑ World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 4 Nopember 2019. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ↑ Osbourn, Anne E.; Lanzotti, Virginia (2009). Plant-derived Natural Products: Synthesis, Function, and Application. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 5. ISBN 9780387854984. https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8SpVXEng4QC&pg=PA6.
- ↑ Joint Formulary Committee (2013). British National Formulary (BNF) (edisi ke-65). London, UK: Pharmaceutical Press. pp. 49, 266, 822, 823. ISBN 978-0-85711-084-8. https://archive.org/details/bnf65britishnati0000unse/page/49.
- ↑ Rossi, S, ed (2013). Australian Medicines Handbook (edisi ke-2013). Adelaide: The Australian Medicines Handbook Unit Trust. ISBN 978-0-9805790-9-3.
- ↑ Bitterman N, Eilender E, Melamed Y (May 1991). "Hyperbaric oxygen and scopolamine". Undersea Biomedical Research. 18 (3): 167–74. PMID 1853467. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 20 August 2008.
- ↑ Williams TH, Wilkinson AR, Davis FM, Frampton CM (March 1988). "Effects of transcutaneous scopolamine and depth on diver performance". Undersea Biomedical Research. 15 (2): 89–98. PMID 3363755. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 20 August 2008.
- ↑ "scopolamine solution - ophthalmic, Isopto". MedicineNet.com. Diakses tanggal 1 April 2020.
- ↑ Briggs (1994). Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. Baltimore, Maryland: Williams and Wilkins. pp. 777–778. https://archive.org/details/drugsinpregnancy00gera.
- ↑ Flicker C, Ferris SH, Serby M (1992). "Hypersensitivity to scopolamine in the elderly". Psychopharmacology. 107 (2–3): 437–41. doi:10.1007/bf02245172. PMID 1615141.
- ↑ "Buscopan Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC)". electronic Medicines Compendium. Boehringer Ingelheim Limited. 11 September 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 23 October 2013. Diakses tanggal 1 April 2020.
- ↑ "Scopolamine Use During Pregnancy | Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 21 December 2016. Diakses tanggal 1 April 2020.
- ↑ Paul G. Barash, ed (2009). Clinical anesthesia (edisi ke-6). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 346. ISBN 978-0-7817-8763-5.
- ↑ a b "Kwells 300 microgram tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics". electronic Medicines Compendium. Bayer plc. 7 January 2008. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 23 October 2013. Diakses tanggal 1 April 2020.