Crime and Punishment
Crime and Punishment ("Kajahatan jo Ukuman") adolah sabuah novel Rusia tahun 1866 dek panulis Fyodor Dostoevsky.
Carito
suntiangNovel ko mancaritoan kisah surang Radion Raskolnikov, mahasiswa miskin di kota St. Petersburg. Raskolnikov kalua dari fakultas hukum dan tingga di rumah nan kumuah. Inyo mulai manyusun satu rencana untuak mambunuah surang nyonya tukang gadai nan alah tuo. Raskolnikov ditakan pulo dek masalah adiak padusinyo Dunya, nan tapaso kawin untuak malapehan diri dari jarek utang. Tababan dek darito, Raskolnikov akhianyo mambunuah si nyonya tukang gadai sarato saudarinyo, namun indak sempat manjarah aratonyo dek karano taguncang.
Raskolnikov mandarito takanan mental dek sabab pambunuahan nan inyo lakuan. Inyo kudian mandarito panyakik nan mambueknyo damam jo acok pingsan, dibantu dirawat dek kawannyo samaso kuliah Razumikhin. Namun, masalah adiak padusinyo samakin batambah gadang, dan inyo indak pulo sanggup untuak manyalasaian. Razumikhin akhianyo mampatamuan Raskolnikov jo detektif polisi Petrovich nan manangani pakaro pambunuahan si nyonya tukang gadai. Pakaro tantang adiak padusi Raskolnikov kudian samakin rumik dek munculnyo watak Svidrigailov.
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Pado saat inyo diinterogasi dek Detektif Petrovich, kaduonyo takajuik kutiko surang palukis nan banamo Mikolka mangakui baso inyolah nan mambunuah si nyonya tukang gadai. Pakaro tantang Dunya samakin baliku-liku, baujuang jo bunuah dirinyo Svidrigailov. Detektif Petrovich, nan pado awalnyo alah indak yakin baso Mikolka adolah pambunuahnyo, maagiah tau Raskolnikov baso inyo yakin Raskolnikovlah nan sabananyo pambunuah, dan manyarankan inyo untuak mangaku sajo. Pado akhirnyo, Raskolnikov mambuek pangakuan basalah dan diukum lapan taun panjaro.
Sajarah jo latar
suntiangDalam manulis novel ko, Dostoevsky tagugah jo kasus Pierre François Lacenaire. Pado kutiko itu, inyo sadang talilik utang dan tingga di Wiesbaden, Jerman. Dosteovsky bausao untuak mangirim naskah partamonyo pado Mikhail Katkov, redaktur Russian Herald, jo imbalan 300 rubel.[1]
Pado asalinyo, Crime and Punishment tabik subagai carito basambuang, partamo pado The Russian Messenger edisi Januari 1866, dan taakhia pado bulan Desember taun nan samo. Baru salapeh edisi Soviet disusun basamo surek-surek jo catatan paribadi Dostoevsky novel ko ditabikan subagai satu kasatuan nan gadang.[2][3]
Sambutan
suntiangNovel ko dipandang subagai salah satu karya sastra Eropa abaik ka-19 nan paliang bapangaruah. Pagarakan Simbolisme nan muncua di Rusia pado 1880an mamandang Crime and Punishment dari sisi estetika jo mistisismenyo.[4] Banyak sastrawan nan sazaman jo Dostoevsky cando Virginia Woolf jo D.H. Lawrence nan mambahas tantang novel ko. Pakar psikologi Sigmund Freud ikuik manganalisis Crime and Punishment dari sisi psikoanalisis.[5] Di kudian ari, pamikia unggua cando Jean Paul Sartre jo Albert Camus mandapek pangaruah gadang dari novel ko.[6]
Crime and Punishment sukses gadang kutik ditabikan dek The Russian Messenger, nan pado maso nan samo sadang manabikan pula novel War and Peace karya Leo Tolstoy.[7] Novel ko partamo kali ditajamahan ka bahaso Inggirih dek Frederick Wishaw pado taun 1885, namun versi Constance Garnett (1914) labiah banyak dipakai. Sajak taun 1990an, versi tajamahan dek David McDuff (1991) atau Richard Pevear/Larissa Volokhonsky (1992) labiah umum.[8]
Novel ko alah banyak pulo dinaiakkan ka layar kaco. Salah satu versi film nan paliang tanamo adolah Crime and Punishment (1923) nan manampilan Peter Lorre, Edward Arnold, jo Marian Marsh; atau Crime and Punishment (2002) nan manampilan Crispin Glover jo Vanessa Redgrave.[9]
Rujuakan
suntiang- ↑ Wilson, Jennifer (16 April 2018). "Floating in the Air: The world that made Dostoyevsky's Crime and Punishment". The Nation. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 31 December 2019. Diakses tanggal 1 Januari 2020.
- ↑ Rosenshield, hlm. 399.
- ↑ Simmons, hlm. 131.
- ↑ Cox, hlm. 14-15.
- ↑ Grotstein, hlm. 200.
- ↑ Cox, hlm. 18-21.
- ↑ McDuff, hlm. x-xi.
- ↑ Lourie, Richard (26 April 1992). "Raskolnikov Says the Darndest Things". The New York Times. The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 1 Januari 2020.
- ↑ Beltzer, Thomas (2004). "Crime and Punishment: A Neglected Classic". Senses of Cinema. Diakses tanggal 1 Januari 2020.
Daftar pustaka
suntiang- Cassedy, Steven (1982). "The Formal Problem of the Epilogue in Crime and Punishment: The Logic of Tragic and Christian Structures". Dostoevsky Centenary Conference at the University of Nottingham. 3. International Dostoevsky Society. https://www.utoronto.ca/tsq/DS/03/171.shtml.
- Frank, Joseph (1994). "The Making of Crime and Punishment". di dalam Polhemus, Robert M.; Henkle, Roger B.. Critical Reconstructions: The Relationship of Fiction and Life. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-2243-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=IgvEsBPNb7MC&dq=critic,+Pisarev,+Dostoevsky,+crime+and+punishment.
- Frank, Joseph (1995). Dostoevsky: The Miraculous Years, 1865–1871. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-01587-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=iAs4Lz5yog0C&dq=Katkov,+Crime+and+Punishment.
- Frank, Joseph (2002). "Introduction". Dostoevsky: The Mantle of the Prophet, 1871–1881. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-11569-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=mQqonU-pweEC&dq=The+Struggle+for+Life,+Pisarev,+Crime+and+Punishment.
- Gill, Richard (1982). "The Bridges of St. Petesburg: a Motive in Crime and Punishment". Dostoevsky Centenary Conference at the University of Nottingham. 3. International Dostoevsky Society. https://www.utoronto.ca/tsq/DS/03/145.shtml.
- Hudspith, Sarah (2003). "Dostoevsky's Dramatization of Slavophile Themes". Dostoevsky and the Idea of Russianness. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-30489-X. https://books.google.com/books?id=2wUwLSbLs8oC&dq=Utilitarianism,+Crime+and+Punishment,+Dostoevsky.
- Jahn, Gary R. "Dostoevsky's Life and Career, 1865–1881". University of Minnesota. Diakses tanggal 24 August 2008.
- McDuff, David (2002). "Introduction". Fyodor M. Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment. Penguin Classics. ISBN 0-14-044913-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=_dm4Ebdcc_EC&dq=Strakhov,+Crime+and+Punishment.
- Miller, Robin Feuer (2007). "Crime and Punishment in the Classroom". Dostoevsky's Unfinished Journey. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-12015-X. https://books.google.com/books?id=zWnGNwpPVp4C&dq=1865,+Vrangel,+Crime+and+Punishment.
- Morris, Virginia B. (1984). "Style". Fyodor M. Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment. Barron's Educational Series. ISBN 0-8120-3409-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=dG9xOOhHvncC&dq=Crime+and+Punishment,+style.
- Peace, Richard Arthur (2006). Fyodor Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment: A Casebook. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-517562-X. https://books.google.com/books?id=zurdwu5tSeYC&dq=Katkov,+Crime+and+Punishment.
- Rosenshield, Gary (Winter 1973). "First- Versus Third-Person Narration in Crime and Punishment". The Slavic and East European Journal. 17 (4): 399–407. doi:10.2307/305635. JSTOR 305635.
- Rosenshield, Gary (1978). Crime and Punishment: The Techniques of the Omniscient Author. Peter de Ridder Press. ISBN 90-316-0104-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=uZqnAQAACAAJ&dq=Crime+and+Punishment,+Rosenshield,+1978.
- Simmons, Ernest J. (2007). "In the Author's Laboratory". Dostoevsky – The Making of a Novelist. Read Books. ISBN 1-4067-6362-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=aF7kRDeTwX8C&dq=Dostoevsky+finished+Crime+and+Punishment,+1866.
- Wellek, René (1980). "Bakhtin's view of Dostoevsky: 'Polyphony' and 'Carnivalesque'". Dostoevsky Studies – Form and Structure. 1. International Dostoevsky Society. https://www.utoronto.ca/tsq/DS/01/031.shtml.