Budaya Barat
Budaya Barat (kadang-kadang disamoan jo paradaban Barat, Eropa, atau Oksidental) dapek mangacu pado budaya nan barasa dari Eropa. Lawannyo adaloh Budaya Timur/Asia/Oriental.
Istilah "budaya Barat" digunoan sangaik umum untuak marujuak ka warisan norma-norma sosial, nilai-nilai etika, adaik istiadaik, kayakinan agamo, sistem politik, artefak budaya khusus, sarato teknologi. Sacaro spesifik, istilah budaya Barat dapek mangacu pado:
- Pangaruh budaya Klasik jo Renaisans Yunani-Romawi dalam hal seni, filsafat, sastra, jo tema hukum dan tradisi, dampak sosial budaya dari periode migrasi jo warisan budaya Keltik, Jermanik, Romanik, Slavik, dan kalompok etnis lainnyo, sarato dalam hal tradisi rasionalisme dalam babagai bidang kahidupan nan dikambangan dek filosofi Helenistik, skolastisisme, humanisme, revolusi ilmiah dan pencerahan, sarato tamasuak pulao pemikiran politik, argumen rasional umum nan mandukuang kabebasan bapikia, hak asasi manusia, kasataraan, dan nilai-nilai demokrasi nan manantang irasionalitas jo teokrasi.
- Pangaruh budaya Alkitab-Kristiani dalam hal pamikiran rohani, adat dan dalam tradisi etika atau moral, salamo maso Pasca Klasik.
- Pangaruah budaya Eropa Barat dalam hal seni, musik, carito rakyat, etika jo tradisi lisan, dengan tema-tema nan dikambangan labih lanjuik salamo maso Romantisisme.
Konsep budaya Barat umumnyo takaiik jo definisi klasik dari Dunia Barat. Dalam definisi iko, kabudayaan Barat adolah himpunan sastra, sains, politik, sarato prinsip-prinsip artistik jo filosofi nan mambedoannyo dari peradaban lain. Sabagian gadang rangkaian tradisi jo pengetahuan tersebut umumnyo alah dikumpuaan dalam kanon Barat.[1] Istilah iko juo alah dihubuangan jo negara-negara nan sijarahnyo banyak dipengaruhi dek imigrasi atau kolonisasi urang-urang Eropa, misalnyo takah negara-negara di benua Amerika jo Australasia, dan indak tabateh hano dek imigran dari Eropa Barat. Eropa Tengah juo dianggap sabagai panyumbang unsur-unsur usali dari kebudayaan Barat.[2][3]
Babarapo kacenderungan nan dianggap mandefinisikan masyarakaik Barat modern, antaro lain jo adanyo pluralisme politik, babagai subkultur atau budaya tandingan penting (takah gerakan-gerakan Zaman Baru), sarato paningkatan sinkretisme budaya sabagai akibaik dari globalisasi jo migrasi manusia.
Caliak pulo suntiang
Catatan kaki suntiang
- ↑ Duran 1995, hlm.81
- ↑ http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/euw/ht04euw.htm
- ↑ Jerzy Kłoczowski, Actualité des grandes traditions de la cohabitation et du dialogue des cultures en Europe du Centre-Est, dalam: L'héritage historique de la Res Publica de Plusieurs Nations, Lublin 2004, hlm. 29–30
Referensi suntiang
- Ankerl, Guy (2000). Global communication without universal civilization. INU societal research. Vol. 1: Coexisting contemporary civilizations: Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western. Geneva: INU Press. ISBN 978-2-88155-004-1.
- Barzun, Jacques From Dawn to Decadence: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life 1500 to the Present HarperCollins (2000) ISBN 0-06-017586-9.
- Daly, Jonathan. "The Rise of Western Power: A Comparative History of Western Civilization Archived 2017-06-30 di Wayback Machine." (London and New York: Bloomsbury, 2014). ISBN 978-1441161314.
- Daly, Jonathan. "Historians Debate the Rise of the West" (London and New York: Routledge, 2015). ISBN 978-1138774810.
- Jones, Prudence and Pennick, Nigel A History of Pagan Europe Barnes & Noble (1995) ISBN 0-7607-1210-7.
- Merriman, John Modern Europe: From the Renaissance to the Present W. W. Norton (1996) ISBN 0-393-96885-5.
- Derry, T. K. and Williams, Trevor I. A Short History of Technology: From the Earliest Times to A.D. 1900 Dover (1960) ISBN 0-486-27472-1.
- Eduardo Duran, Bonnie Dyran Native American Postcolonial Psychology 1995 Albany: State University of New York Press ISBN 0-7914-2353-0
- McClellan, James E. III and Dorn, Harold Science and Technology in World History Johns Hopkins University Press (1999) ISBN 0-8018-5869-0.
- Stein, Ralph The Great Inventions Playboy Press (1976) ISBN 0-87223-444-4.
- Asimov, Isaac Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology: The Lives & Achievements of 1510 Great Scientists from Ancient Times to the Present Revised second edition, Doubleday (1982) ISBN 0-385-17771-2.
- Pastor, Ludwig von, History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages; Drawn from the Secret Archives of the Vatican and other original sources, 40 vols. St. Louis, B. Herder (1898ff.)
- Walsh, James Joseph, The Popes and Science; the History of the Papal Relations to Science During the Middle Ages and Down to Our Own Time, Fordam University Press, 1908, reprinted 2003, Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 0-7661-3646-9 Reviews: p. 462.[1]
- Ankerl, Guy (2000). Coexisting Civilizations: Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western. INUPRESS, Geneva, 119–244. ISBN 2-88155-004-5.
- Atle Hesmyr (2013). Civilization, Oikos, and Progress ISBN 978-1468924190
- Hanson, Victor Davis; Heath, John (2001). Who Killed Homer: The Demise of Classical Education and the Recovery of Greek Wisdom, Encounter Books.
- Stearns, P.N. (2003). Western Civilization in World History, Routledge, New York.
- Thornton, Bruce (2002). Greek Ways: How the Greeks Created Western Civilization, Encounter Books.
Bacaan lanjutan suntiang
- Barzun, Jacques. From Dawn to Decadence: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life : 1500 to the Present. New York: HarperCollins, 2001.
- Hesmyr, Atle Kultorp: Civilization; Its Economic Basis, Historical Lessons and Future Prospects(Telemark: Nisus Publications, 2020).
