Pabedaan antaro revisi dari "Antigen"

'''Antigen''' (disingkek '''Ag''') adolah zat apo sajo nan mampu manyababkan [[sistem imun]] maasilkan [[antibodi]] nan spesifik,<ref name="medlineag">{{Cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002224.htm|title=Antigen: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia|last=|first=|date=|website=Medline Plus|access-date=13 April 2021}}</ref> nan mampu baikatan jo sajumlah komponen sistem imun. Antigen marupoanmarupokan [[molekul]] atau [[struktur]] molekul, sapartisarupo nan ado di bagian lua suatu [[patogen]], nan dapek diikek dek antibodi nan spesifik taadok antigen tasabuik atau dek [[Reseptor (biokimia)|reseptor]] antigen [[sel B]].<ref name="gen">{{Cite web|url=https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Antibody|title=Antibody|date=2020|publisher=National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health|access-date=13 April 2021}}</ref> Tanggapan yangnan diberikandibaleh olehdek sistem imun disebutdisabuik [[respons imun]]. Singkatan Ag sendirisurang marupoanmarupokan kapanjangan dari ''antibody generator'' atau pambangkik antibodi.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Male|first=David K.|date=2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gE6o5ZRJUawC&q=antibody+generator&pg=PA10|title=Immunology|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0323033992|pages=10|language=en}}</ref>. Antigen "dijadiandijadikan sasaran" dek antibodi.<ref name="gen" /> Satiok antibodi diproduksi sacaro khusus dek sistem imun untuak disasuaiandisasuaikan jo antigen satalahsasudah [[Sel penyaji antigen|sel-sel]] dalam sistem imun basingguangan jo antigen tasabuik; proses iko digunoandigunokan untuak maidentifikasi antigen sacaro tapek, mamproduksi antibodi nan sasuai, nan mainisiasi timbuanyo [[Sistem imun adaptif|respons imun adaptif]].<ref name="gen" /><ref name="mlp">{{Cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html|title=Immune system and disorders|date=28 September 2020|publisher=MedlinePlus, US National Institute of Medicine|access-date=13 April 2021}}</ref> Antibodi dikatokan "sesuaisasuai" jo antigen dalam artiarati bahwsonyobasonyo inyo dapek mangikeknyomaikeknyo akibekdek adaptasi molekuler pado [[fragmen pangikek antigen]].<ref name="gen" /> Dalam kabanyakan kasus, antibodi hanyo dapek bareaksi nanmaikek mangikek satuciek antigen tatantu; dalam babarapo kasus lain, antibodi dapek [[Reaktivitas silang|bareaksi silang]] nan mangikekmaikek labiah dari ciek antigen. Antigen dapek barupo molekul [[protein]], [[peptida]] (rantai [[asam amino]]), jo [[polisakarida]] (rantai [[monosakarida]]/gulagulo sadaranosederhana), samantarosadangkan molekul [[lipid]] jo [[asam nukleat]] manjadi antigen jikokok hanyo digabuangandigabuangkan jo protein sarato polisakarida.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal|last=Gavin|first=AL|last2=Hoebe|first2=K|last3=Duong|first3=B|last4=Ota|first4=T|last5=Martin|first5=C|last6=Beutler|first6=B|last7=Nemazee|first7=D|date=22 December 2006|title=Adjuvant-enhanced antibody responses in the absence of toll-like receptor signaling|journal=Science|volume=314|issue=5807|pages=1936–38|bibcode=2006Sci...314.1936G|doi=10.1126/science.1135299|pmc=1868398|pmid=17185603}}</ref> Antigen dapek barasa dari dalam tubuah ("antigen-diri") atau dari lingkuangan lua ("bukan-diri" atau "bando asiang").<ref name="mlp" /> Sistem imun mangidentifikasi sarato manyarang antigen eksternal barupo "bando asiang" nan biasonyo indak bareaksi pado antigen-diri karano [[Seleksi negatif (imunologi)|seleksi negatif]] dari [[sel T]] dalam [[timus]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gallucci|first=S|last2=Lolkema|first2=M|last3=Matzinger|first3=P|date=November 1999|title=Natural adjuvants: endogenous activators of dendritic cells|journal=Nature Medicine|volume=5|issue=11|pages=1249–55|doi=10.1038/15200|pmid=10545990}}</ref>

[[Vaksin]] adolah contoh dari antigen dalam bantuak imunogenik, nan sangajosingajo diagiah kapado panarimo untuak mainduksi fungsi memori dari [[sistem imun adaptif]] taadokpado antigen dari patogen nan manyarang panarimo tasabuik. Vaksin taadok [[Influenza musiman|virus flu musiman]] adolah contoh nan umum.<ref name="cdc">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/professionals/antigenic.htm|title=Antigenic characterization|date=15 October 2019|publisher=US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=13 April 2021}}</ref>

[[Paul Ehrlich]] manciptakanmambuek istilah [[antibodi]] (dalam bahaso Jerman ''Antikörper'') dalam [[Teori rantai samping|teori rantai sampingnyo]] pado akhirakia abadabaik keka-19.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Strebhardt|first=Klaus|last2=Ullrich, Axel|date=Jun 2008|title=Paul Ehrlich's magic bullet concept: 100 years of progress|journal=Nature Reviews Cancer|volume=8|issue=6|pages=473–80|doi=10.1038/nrc2394|issn=1474-1768|pmid=18469827}}</ref> PadaPado tahuntaun 1899, [[László Detre (dokter)|Ladislas Deutsch (László Detre)]] (1874–1939) manamoi zat hipotetis nan ado di antaro konstituen bakteri jo antibodi sabagai "''substances immunogenes ou antigenes''" (zat antigenik atau imunogenik). MuloMulonyo nyopicayo pacayo bahwasonyobasonyo zat tasabuik manjadi prekursor antibodi, samosaroman sapartijo [[zimogen]] nan marupoanmarupokan prekursor enzim. TatapiTapi, pado taun 1903, inyo mamahami bahwabaso antigen mainduksi produksi badan kekebalankatahanan (antibodi) josarato manulih bahwabaso kato ''antigen'' adolah singkatan dari antisomatogen (''Immunkörperbildner''). ''[[Oxford English Dictionary|Kamus Bahasa Inggris Oxford]]'' manunjuakkan bahwabaso konstruksi logisnyologis nan samustinyo harusnyoiolah "''anti(body)-gen''".<ref name="Lindenmann">{{Cite journal|last=Lindenmann, Jean|year=1984|title=Origin of the Terms 'Antibody' and 'Antigen'|url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/119531625/PDFSTART|journal=Scand. J. Immunol.|volume=19|issue=4|pages=281–85|doi=10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00931.x|pmid=6374880|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5uK08DeWS?url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/119531625/PDFSTART|archive-date=2010-11-18|access-date=13 April 2021|dead-url=yes}}</ref>