Pabedaan antaro revisi dari "Ramadan"
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Barih 22:
'''Ramadan''' ({{lang-ar|رمضان}}, ''{{transl|ar|DIN|Ramaḍān}}'', {{IPA-ar|rɑmɑˈdˤɑːn|IPA}};{{ref|a|[variations]}} {{lang-fa|رمضان}} ''{{transl|fa|Ramazān}}''; {{lang-ur|رمضان}} ''{{transl|ur|Ramzān}}''; {{lang-tr|Ramazan}})<ref>{{cite web |url= http://hadithcollection.com/sahihmuslim/134-Sahih%20Muslim%20Book%2006.%20Fasting/10952-sahih-muslim-book-006-hadith-number-2391.html |title= Sahih Muslim - Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2391. |first= Abul-Hussain |last= Muslim-Ibn-Habaj | work= hadithcollection.com |accessdate= 25 July 2012}}</ref> atau dek urang awak disabuik '''bulan basaha''' adolah bulan kasambilan dalam [[kalender Islam]],<ref>[[BBC]] – [http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/ramadan_1.shtml ''Religions''] Retrieved 25 July 2012</ref> dan dirayoan dek umaik [[Muslim]] di saluruah dunia jo bapuaso (''[[saum]]'') sarato mamparingati wahyu partamo nan turun kapado Nabi [[Muhammad]] manuruik kayakinan umaik Muslim.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/722486.shtml|title=Muslims worldwide start to observe Ramadan|year=2012|work=The Global Times Online|access-date=28 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://newsfeedresearcher.com/data/articles_w30_3/ramadan-muslims-fasting.html|title=The Muslim World Observes Ramadan|year=2012|work=Power Text Solutions|accessdate=28 July 2012}}</ref> Parayoan tahunan ko dihoromati sabagai ciek dari [[rukun Islam]] nan limo.<ref name="BBC 2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/religion/islam/ramadan.shtml|title=''Schools – Religions''|publisher=BBC|access-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> Bulan Ramadan balansuang salamo 29–30 ari manuruik pamantauan hilal (bulan sabik), sapantun jo aturan-aturan nan tatulih dalam [[hadits]].<ref name="Bukhari">{{cite web|url=http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/64-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2031.%20Fasting/2466-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-031-hadith-number-124.html|title=Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 124.|last=Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail|first=AbdAllah-Muhammad|work=hadithcollection.com|accessdate=25 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="Muslim">{{cite web|url=http://hadithcollection.com/sahihmuslim/134-Sahih%20Muslim%20Book%2006.%20Fasting/10970-sahih-muslim-book-006-hadith-number-2378.html|title=Sahih Muslim – Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2378.|last=Muslim-Ibn-Habaj|first=Abul-Hussain|work=hadithcollection.com|access-date=25 July 2012}}</ref>
Kato Ramadan barasa dari aka kato bahaso Arab ''ramiḍa'' atau ''ar-ramaḍ,'' nan aratinyo paneh nan maanguihan atau kakariangan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hadithcollection.com/sahihmuslim/134-Sahih%20Muslim%20Book%2006.%20Fasting/10952-sahih-muslim-book-006-hadith-number-2391.html|title=Sahih Muslim – Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2391.|last=Muslim-Ibn-Habaj|first=Abul-Hussain|work=hadithcollection.com|access-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> Puaso Ramadan dalam hukumnyo [[Fardu|''fardhu'']] (diwajibkan) untuak Muslim dewasa, kacuali maalami halangan untuak malakukannyo sarupo sakik, dalam pajalanan, alah gaek, manganduang, manyusui, [[Diabetes mellitus|diabetes]] atau sadang mandapek halangan [[menstruasi]].<ref>Fasting (Al Siyam) – {{lang|ar|الصيام}} – Page 18, el Bahay el Kholi, 1998</ref> Kawajiban bapuaso pado bulan Ramadan turun pado bulan [[Sya'ban]]
Salamo bapuaso samanjak pagi inggo patang, Muslim dilarang untuak makan, minum cairan apopun, marokok, jo bahubuangan badan. Salain itu, diparintahkan pulo untuak mailakan pabuatan doso untuak manyamparonokan pahalo puaso, sarupo bakato-kato nan buruak (co mancacek, mambuek pitanah, mangutuak, baduto) jo bacakak.<ref>IslamQA, "It is not permissible for one who is fasting to insult anyone", URL: http://islamqa.info/en/37658</ref> Makanan jo minuman dapek tasadioan satiok ari, yakni katiko sabalun matoari tabik (subuah) inggo tabanamnyo matoari (mugarik).<ref>Islam, Andrew Egan – 2002 – page 24</ref><ref>Dubai – Page 189, Andrea Schulte-Peevers – 2010</ref> Mamintak ampun (''[[taubat]]'') katiko bulan Ramadan rami dilakuan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/64-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2031.%20Fasting/2465-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-031-hadith-number-125.html|title=Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 125.|last=Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail|first=AbdAllah-Muhammad|work=hadithcollection.com|access-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> Bapuaso untuak Muslim wakatu Ramadan biasonyo disaratoi jo mampabanyak [[salat]] jo mambaco [[Al-Qur'an|Al-Quran]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmje.org/religious-texts/hadith/abudawud/006-sat.php|title=Sunan Abu-Dawud – (The Book of Prayer) – Detailed Injunctions about Ramadan, Hadith 1370|last=[[Abu Dawud]]-Ibn-Ash'ath-AsSijisstani|first=Sulayman|work=Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement of The University of Southern California|access-date=25 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/64-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2031.%20Fasting/2391-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-031-hadith-number-199.html|title=Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 199.|last=Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail|first=AbdAllah-Muhammad|work=hadithcollection.com|access-date=25 July 2012}}</ref>
Barih 29:
== Sijarah ==
[[Berkas:002185_Al-Baqarah_UsmaniScript.png|jmpl|Surek Albaqarah, Ayaik 185
Surek 2, Ayaik 185, dari Quran manyatoan:<blockquote>Bulan Ramadan adolah bulan diturunkannyo Alquran, Patunjuak dek umaik manusia, sarato bukti adonyo Nabi jo Rasul, subagai tuntunan iduik sarato pambeda (batua jo salah). Saluruah umaik Islam wajib bapuaso di bulan itu, dan siapopun nan sadang sakik atau dalam pajalanan, buliah indak bapuaso dan diwajibkan mangganti pado ari nan lain. Allah maagiah kalian kamudahan dan indak mainginkan kasusahan untuak kalian. Untuak padusi musti manyalasaian datang bulannyo, salapeh itu wajib manggantinyo sasudah Ramadhan sarato kalian musti maaguangan Allah dek karano alah mambimbiang kalian, dan musti basyukua.{{cite quran|2|185}}</blockquote>[[Alquran]] partamo kali diwahyukan bakeh Nabi [[Muhammad]] salamo bulan Ramadan nan alah tasabuik sabagai "maso tabaiak". [[Wahyu]] partamo diturunkan di malam [[Lailatul Qadar]] (malam kamuliaan) nan marupokan ciek dari limo malam dalam sapuluah ari tarakhia bulan Ramadan.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Magnificence of Quran|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=AKmmBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT29&dq=ramadan+quran+revealed&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=ramadan%2520quran%2520revealed&f=false|publisher=Darussalam Publishers|date=2006|first=Mahmood Bin Ahmad Bin Saaleh|last=Ad-Dausaree}}</ref> Manuruik hadis, sado kitab suci diturunkan salamo bulan Ramadan. [[Shuhuf Ibrahim]], [[Taurat]], [[Mazmur]], [[Injil]], jo [[Alquran]] diturunkan surang-surang pado tangga 1, 6, 12, 13 <ref group="note">The hadith of Jabir ibn Abdullah mentions that the Gospel was sent down on the 18th of Ramadan. <sup>{{Cite book|title=Loud Thoughts on Religion: A Version of the System Study of Religion. Useful Lessons for Everybody|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=t6CvZJJt1PIC&q=fasting#v=snippet|publisher=Trafford Publishing|date=June 2013|isbn=9781490705217|first=Rafig Y.|last=Aliyev}}</sup></ref> jo 24 Ramadan.<ref name="Rafig">{{Cite book|title=Loud Thoughts on Religion: A Version of the System Study of Religion. Useful Lessons for Everybody|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=t6CvZJJt1PIC|publisher=Trafford Publishing|date=June 2013|isbn=9781490705217|first=Rafig Y.|last=Aliyev|page=129}}</ref>
Barih 35:
Di dalam Al Qur'an, puasa juo wajib dek umaik-umaik tadaulu, dan marupokan caro untuak mancapai status [[taqwa]], takuik ka bakeh [[Tuhan]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Explanation of the Three Fundamental Principles of Islam (Salafi): Sharh Usool ath-Thalatha of Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahaab|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=EbamAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT63#v=onepage&q&f=false|publisher=Salafi Books|first=Shaikh Saalih|last=al-Uthaymeen}}</ref>{{Cite quran|2|183}} Allah SWT manyatokan bakeh Nabi Muhammad baso bapuaso untuak Baliau bukanlah sabuah hal nan baru lai. Dalam [[monoteisme]], hal nan biaso dijalani dek urang-urang nan sabana maambo pado kaasoan Allah.<ref>Quran Chapter 2, Revelation 183</ref> Urang-urang kapia [[Mekkah|Makkah]] pun bapuaso, tapi anyo pado hari kasapuluah Muharram untuak maradokan doso sarato baarok tailak dari kakariangan.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Loud Thoughts on Religion: A Version of the System Study of Religion. Useful Lessons for Everybody|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=t6CvZJJt1PIC|publisher=Trafford Publishing|date=February 2013|isbn=9781490705217|first=Rafig Y.|last=Aliyev|page=128}}</ref>
Kaputusan untuak manjalani ibadah puaso salamo bulan Ramadan diturunkan 18 bulan sasudah Hijrah,
Abu Zanad, surang panulih Arab dari Irak nan iduik salapeh batagaknyo Islam sakitar
Manuruik Philip Jenkins, Ramadan datang "dari disiplin gareja-gareja Syria nan pakek".<ref>Jenkins, Philip (31 July 2006). The New Faces of Christianity: Believing the Bible in the Global South (p. 182). Oxford University Press. Kindle Edition.</ref> Namun, saran ko dirujuak pado gagasan orientalis baso Alquran surang mampunyoi asa Syria, hal ko ditulak dek akademisi Muslim sarupo M. Al-Azami.<ref>Muhammad Mustafa al-Azami, "The History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments", 2nd Edition (2008), Azami Publishing House</ref>
Barih 69:
{{Utama|hilal}}
[[Berkas:Ramadan100years1938-2037.png|jmpl|Tabel awa Ramadan tahun Gregorian antaro 1938 dan 2038.]]
[[Kalender Hijriyah]] ditantuan manuruikan revolusi bulan mangaliliangi [[bumi]] dan tiok awa bulan diputuihan soal tampaknyo [[hilal]] (bulan sabik). Metode panantuan tampaknyo hilal nan digunokan kini adolah metode mancaliak jo mato talanjang (tanamo jo istilah rukyah) sarato manggunokan metode paretongan [[astronomi]] (tanamo jo istilah hisab). [[Persatuan Islam]] (PERSIS) jo Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) manggunokan kombinasi hisab jo rukyah untuak panantuan hilal. [[Nahdlatul Ulama]] (NU) sarato [[Kementerian Agama RI|Kamantarian Agamo RI]] salaku [[Pemerintah RI|Pamarintah RI]] manggunokan metode rukyatul hilal; samantaro [[Muhammadiyah]] manggunokan '''''hisab hakiki wal wujudul hilal''''' sabagai sandaran panantuan hilal.<ref>T Djamaluddin, Fatwa MUI Membuka Jalan: Penyatuan Hari Raya Segera Terwujud [http://media.isnet.org/isnet/Djamal/FatwaMUI.html]</ref> Pabedaan metode ko manyababkan adonyo kamungkinan pabedaan hasia panetapan bilo mulo jo akhia Ramadan bak cando nan tajadi pado
=== Malam kamuliaan ===
{{Utama|Lailatul Qadar}}''Lailatul Qadar'' (malam kamuliaan), adolah satu malam nan khusus tajadi di bulan Ramadan. Malam ko dikatokan dalam [[Alquran]] pado [[surah Al-Qadr]], labiah ancak daripado saribu bulan.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Robinson|first=Neal|title=Islam: A Concise Introduction|publisher=Georgetown University Press|year=1999|location=Washington|doi=|id=|isbn=0-87840-224-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/64-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2031.%20Fasting/2465-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-031-hadith-number-125.html|title=Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 125|last=Ibn-Ismail-Bukhari|first=AbdAllah-Muhammad|work=hadithcollection.com|accessdate=28 July 2012}}</ref> Wakatu pasti balansuangnyo malam ko indak dikatahui do. Namun manuruik babarapo [[Hadis|riwayaik]], malam ko jatuah pado 10 malam tarakhia pado bulan Ramadan. Labiah tapeknyo pado ciek dari malam-malam ganjia di antaronyo malam ka-21, 23, 25, 27 atau ka-29.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/65-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2032.%20Praying%20at%20Night%20In%20Ramadan%20(Taraweeh)/2479-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-032-hadith-number-238.html|title=Sahih Bukhari – Book 032 (Praying at Night during Ramadan), Hadith 238|last=Ibn-Ismail-Bukhari|first=AbdAllah-Muhammad|work=hadithcollection.com|accessdate=28 July 2012}}</ref>
=== Akhia ===
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