Pabedaan antaro revisi dari "Muhammad"
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Barih 3:
[[File:Muhammad2.png|thumb|right|200px|Kaligrafi nan tatulih namo Muhammad]]
'''Muḥammad''' ({{Lang-ar-at|a= ﷴ|t=Muḥammad}};<ref>Unicode has a special "Muhammad" ligature at U+FDF4 {{Script|Arab|ﷴ}}</ref> {{IPA-ar|mʊˈħæmmæd|pron|Ar-muhammad.ogg}}<ref>{{Audio|Ar-muhammad.ogg|klik di siko}} untuak lafal Arab.</ref><ref>Variant transcriptions of Muhammad's name, besides those used above, include — (English and multiple European languages:) "Mahomet"; ([[:fr:Mahomet|French]]:) "Mahomet, Mohamed, Mouhammed, Mahon, Mahomés, Mahun, Mahum, Mahumet, Mahound (medieval French), Mohand (for [[Berber language|Berber]] speakers), Mouhammadou and Mamadou (in Sub-Saharan Africa)"; ([[:la:Machometus|Latin]]:) "Machometus, Mahumetus, Mahometus, Macometus, Mahometes"; ([[:es:Mahoma|Spanish]]:) "Mahoma"; ([[:it:Maometto|Italian]]:) "Maometto"; ([[:pt:Maomé|Portuguese]]:) "Maomé"; ([[:el:Μωάμεθ|Greek]]:) "Μωάμεθ, Μουχάμμαντ, Μοχάμαντ, Μοχάμεντ, Μουχάμεντ, Μουχάμμαιντ"; ([[:tr:Mehmet|Turkish]]:) "Mehmet"; ([[:ku:Mihemed|Kurdish]]:) "Mihemed". See also ''Encyclopedia of Islam'': ([[German language|German]]:) "Machmet" (pre-20th century).</ref><ref name="Honest 2004 p. 85">The sources frequently say that, in his youth, he was called by the nickname "Al-Amin" meaning "Honest, Truthful" cf. Ernst (2004), p. 85.</ref>, salangkoknyo '''Muḥammad bin Abdullah bin Abdul Mutthalib bin Hasyim''' ({{lahirmati|[[Makah]]|20|4|570|[[Madinah]]|8|06|632}}) adolah nabi nan rasul tarakhia manuruik umaik Islam manuruik [[Al-Qur'an]] [http://quran.com/33/40 surah Al-Ahzab:33/40]. Nabi Muhammad mamuloi panyebaran ajaran Islam untuak saluruah umaik manusia jo mawarihan [[Kakhalifahan|pamarentahan tungga Islam]]. Walaupun non-Muslim umumnyo manganggap Muhammad sabagai pandiri Islam, dalam pandangan Muslim, Muhammad turuik managakan ajaran tauhid untuk mangasokan Allah sabagaimano nan dibaok dek nabi jo rasul sabalunnyo sajak dari [[Nabi Nuh]]. Umaik Muslim manyabuik Muhammad jo salam panghormatan ''Shalallaahu 'Alayhi Wasallam'' sarato diiriangi [[shalawat Nabi|salawat Nabi]] satiok namo Muhammad disabuik.
Lahia pado tahun 570 di [[Makah]], Muhammad malalui maso ketek sabagai yatim piatu; digadangan di bawah asuahan paktuonyo [[Abu Thalib]]. Baranjak gadang, Muhammad bakarajo sabagai padagang. Muhammad kadang-kadang mangasiangan diri ka ngalau di sabuah bukik sampai bamalam-malam untuak maranuang jo badoa; diriwayaikkan dalam umua ka-40, Muhammad didatangi dek [[Malaikaik Jibril]] sarato manarimo wahyu partamo dari Allah. Muhammad manyatoan diri sabagai utusan Allah, sabagaimano nabi-nabi nan alah Allah utuih sabalunnyo. Tigo tahun sasudah wahyu partamo, Muhammad muloi badakwah sacaro tarang-tarangan, manyatokan kaasoan Allah dalam bantuak panyarahan diri malalui Islam sabagai agamo nan bana. Muhammad manarimo wahyu baransua-angsua sampai kamatiannyo. Praktek atau amalan Muhammad diriwayaikan dalam [[hadits]], dirujuak dek umaik Islam sabagai sumber hukum Islam basamo [[Al-Qur'an]].
Barih 12:
== Etimologi ==
"''Muhammad''" ({{lang-ar-at|a= محمد بن عبد الله|t=Muḥammad}};<ref>[[Unicode]] has a special "Muhammad" [[ligature (typography)|ligature]] at U+FDF4 {{script|Arab|ﷴ}}</ref> {{IPA-ar|mʊħɑmmæd|pron|Ar-muhammad.ogg}})<ref name="Honest 2004 p. 85"/><ref>{{Audio|Ar-muhammad.ogg|click here}} for the [[Fonologi Arab|Pengucapan Arab]].</ref><ref>babagai namo Muhammad dalam bahaso Parancih: "Mahon, Mahomés, Mahun, Mahum, Mahumet"; dalam bahaso Jerman: "Machmet"; jo dalam bahaso Islandia kuno: "Maúmet" cf Muhammad, ''Encyclopedia of Islam''
Sabalun maso kanabian, Muhammad mandapekan duo gala dari suku [[Quraisy]] (suku tagadang di Makah nan suku dari Muhammad juo) yaitu '''''Al-Amiin''''' nan aratinyo "urang nan dapaek dipicayo" jo '''''As-Saadiq''''' nan aratinyo "nan bana". Sasudah maso kanabian para sahabatnyo maimbaunyo jo gala '''''Rasul Allāh''''' (رسول الله), sudah tu manambahan kalimaik ''Shalallaahu 'Alayhi Wasallam'' (صلى الله عليه و سلم, nan bararti "mudah-mudahan Allah maagiah kasanangan jo salamaik kapadonyo"; acok disingkek "S.A.W" atau "SAW") sasudah namonyo.
Barih 33:
* {{cite journal | doi = 10.1017/S0041977X00049016 | last1 = Conrad | first1 = Lawrence I. | year = 1987 | title = Abraha and Muhammad: some observations apropos of chronology and literary topoi in the early Arabic historical tradition1 | url = http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=3863868&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0041977X00049016 | journal = Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies | volume = 50 | issue = 2 | pages = 225–240}}
* {{Cite book| publisher = G. Bell| last = Sherrard Beaumont Burnaby| title = Elements of the Jewish and Muhammadan calendars: with rules and tables and explanatory notes on the Julian and Gregorian calendars|year=1901| url = http://archive.org/details/elementsofjewish00burnuoft | page=465}}
* {{Cite journal| pages = 6–12| last = Hamidullah| first = Muhammad| authorlink= Muhammad Hamidullah |title = The Nasi', the Hijrah Calendar and the Need of Preparing a New Concordance for the Hijrah and Gregorian Eras: Why the Existing Western Concordances are Not to be Relied Upon| journal = The Islamic Review & Arab Affairs| date = February 1969|url=http://aaiil.org/text/articles/islamicreview/1969/02feb/islamicreview_196902.pdf}}</ref><ref name="EncWorldHistory">''Encyclopedia of World History'' (1998), p. 452</ref> Pandapek paling mashua marujuak
Muhammad barasa dari sabuah klan [[suku Quraisy]] yakni [[Bani Hasyim]] nan mawarisi ranji tahormat di Makah, sakalipun indak tanamo karano kakayoannyo.<ref name="EoI-Muhammad">{{Cite encyclopedia | edition = 2nd| publisher = Brill Academic Publishers| volume = 7| pages = 360–376| last2 = Welch| first2 = A. T.| last1=Buhl | first1 = F.| title = Muḥammad| encyclopedia = [[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]| isbn = 90-04-09419-9| year = 1993}}</ref> Ayahnyo, [[Abdullah bin Syaibah|Abdullah]] maningga wakatu Muhammad masih dalam kanduangan, anam bulan sabalun kalahiran.<ref name="Meri2004">{{citation |last=Meri |first=Josef W. |authorlink=Josef W. Meri |title=Medieval Islamic civilization |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC |accessdate=3 January 2013 |volume=1 |year=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-96690-0 |page=525}}</ref> Muhammad bayi dibaok tingga basamo kaluarga dusun di padalaman, mangikuik tradisi pakotaan maso itu untuak manguekan badan jo manjauahan anak dari panyakik pakotaan.<ref name= WattHalimah>Watt, "[http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/halima-bint-abi-dhuayb-SIM_2648 Halimah bint Abi Dhuayb]", ''[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]''.</ref> Baliau diasuah jo disusui dek [[Halimah As-Sa'diyah|Halimah binti Abi Dhuayb]] di kampuang Bani Saad salamo duo taun.<ref name="IntroQuran182"/> Sasudah itu, Muhammad ketek dibaliakan untuak diasuah kapado budak [[Ummu Aiman]]. Pado umua ka-6, Muhammad kahilangan mandehnyo, [[Aminah binti Wahab|Aminah]] karano sakik.<ref name="IntroQuran182"/><ref>Watt, ''Amina'', [[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]</ref> Salamo duo taun sasudahnyo, kabutuahan Muhammad ditangguang jo dicukuikan dek inyiaknyo dari keluarga ayah, [['Abd al-Muththalib]]. Katiko barumua salapan tahun, inyiaknyo maningga lalu Muhammad sasudahnyo diasuah dek mamaknyo [[Abu Thalib]] nan tampia sabagai pamuko Bani Hasyim sapaningga Abdul Muththalib.<ref name="IntroQuran182">An Introduction to the Quran (1895), p. 182</ref><ref name="Watt7">Watt (1974), p. 7.</ref>
Barih 40:
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